eISSN: 1509-572x
ISSN: 1641-4640
Folia Neuropathologica
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4/2020
vol. 58
 
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abstract:
Case report

A longitudinally extensive H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma in an elderly patient clinically mimicking central nervous system inflammation: a case report

Kristof Babarczy
1
,
Zita Reisz
2, 3
,
Elza Szabo
1
,
Cecilia Rajda
1
,
Laszlo Vecsei
1, 4
,
Istvan Bodi
3
,
Peter Klivenyi
1
,
Tibor Hortobagyi
2
,
Levente Szalardy
1

  1. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
  2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
  3. Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  4. MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
Folia Neuropathol 2020; 58 (4): 377-385
Online publish date: 2021/01/11
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Diffuse midline gliomas, H3 K27M-mutant, World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV represent a distinct glioma entity with a predominantly paediatric presentation and remarkably poor prognosis. This report presents a case of a 73-year-old woman with a diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, WHO grade IV with a remarkable longitudinal extension, extending from the cervical myelon to the basal ganglia. On imaging, the lesion was predominantly suggestive of inflammatory oedema, and it was clinically associated with progressive hemi- and later tetraparesis with severe autonomic and bulbar symptoms. Laboratory examinations suggested a generalized inflammatory process; however, neither infectious nor autoimmune aetiology could be confirmed. Biopsy was deemed unfeasible given the critical localization. Presuming a seronegative autoimmune encephalomyelitis, high-dose corticosteroid therapy and plasma exchanges were conducted, resulting in a modest but transient relief. The patient passed away two months after hospitalization. Neuropathological examination of the lesion revealed a high-grade diffuse glioma with H3 K27M mutation (grade IV). Although originally considered as a paediatric entity, our case confirms reports from recent years that diffuse midline gliomas, H3 K27M-mutant, WHO grade IV can occur in adults, even among the elderly, and can mimic inflammatory alterations, posing diagnostic difficulty. Our case is one of the oldest patients reported with this pathology, the oldest with an extensive diffusely infiltrating growth pattern, and with the most extensive lesion reported in adulthood.
keywords:

diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, diffuse midline glioma, elderly, histone, K27M

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