1. Bekhet AK, Zauszniewski JA, Nakhla WE. Loneliness: a concept analysis. Nurs Forum 2008; 43(4): 207–213.
2.
Rubin KH, Coplan RJ, Bowker JC. Social withdrawal in childhood. Annu Rev Psychol 2009; 60: 141–171.
3.
Cacioppo S, Grippo AJ, London S, et al. Loneliness: clinical import and interventions. Perspect Psychol Sci 2015; 10(2): 238–249.
4.
Loades ME, Chatburn E, Higson-Sweeney N, et al. Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59(11): 1218–1239.
5.
Hutten E, Jongen EMM, Vos AECC, et al. Loneliness and Mental Health: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(22): 11963.
6.
Rogers AA, Ha T, Ockey S. Adolescents’ Perceived Socio-Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Implications for Mental Health: Results From a U.S.-Based Mixed-Methods Study. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68(1): 43–52.
7.
Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, et al. Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(7): 3432.
8.
Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, et al. The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(16): 9960.
9.
Jamil A, Syed J, Kanwal S, et al. Loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19: a narrative review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2022; 35(1): 21–30.
10.
Cosma A, Abdrakhmanova S, Taut D, et al., eds. A focus on adolescent mental health and wellbeing in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 1. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020. Available from URL: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/373201.
11.
Vancampfort D, Ashdown-Franks G, Smith L, et al. Leisure-time sedentary behavior and loneliness among 148,045 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 52 low-and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2019; 251: 149–155.
12.
Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, et al. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 1988; 52(1): 30–41.
13.
Hobza V, Hamrik Z, Bucksch J, et al. The Family Affluence Scale as an Indicator for Socioeconomic Status: Validation on Regional Income Differences in the Czech Republic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14(12): 1540.
14.
Manchia M, Gathier AW, Yapici-Eser H, et al. The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 55: 22–83.
15.
Oliveira JMD, Butini L, Pauletto P, et al. Mental health effects prevalence in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2022; 19(2): 130–137.
16.
Meade J. Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Current Research. Pediatr Clin North Am 2021; 68(5): 945–959.
17.
Morrissette M. School Closures and Social Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60(1): 6–7.
18.
Farrell AH, Vitoroulis I, Eriksson M, et al. Loneliness and Well-Being in Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Children (Basel) 2023; 10(2): 279.
19.
Fogarty A, Brown S, Gartland D, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Behav Dev 2022; 46: 308.
20.
Peterle CF, Fonseca CL, Freitas BHBM, et al. [Emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents in the context of COVID-19: a mixed method study]. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022; 30(spe): e3744 [in English, Portuguese, Spanish].
21.
Fischer R, Hartle L. Effective interventions to reduce loneliness in big cities. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36(3): 206–212.
22.
Hou T, Xie Y, Mao X, et al. The Mediating Role of Loneliness Between Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Rural Adolescents During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study Between Left-Behind and Non-left-behind Students. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12: 740094.
23.
Cooper K, Hards E, Moltrecht B, et al. Loneliness, social relationships, and mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2021; 289: 98–104.
24.
Varela JJ, Pérez JC, Rodríguez-Rivas ME, et al. Wellbeing, social media addiction and coping strategies among Chilean adolescents during the pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14: 1211431.
25.
Pimenta IDSF, de Sousa Mata ÁN, Braga LP, et al. Media and scientific communication about the COVID-19 pandemic and the repercussions on the population’s mental health: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99(50): e23298.
26.
Kor A, Shoshani A. Moderating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s and adolescents’ substance use, digital media use, and mental health: A randomized positive psychology addiction prevention program. Addict Behav 2023; 141: 107660.
27.
Cauberghe V, Van Wesenbeeck I, De Jans S, et al. How Adolescents Use Social Media to Cope with Feelings of Loneliness and Anxiety During COVID-19 Lockdown. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24(4): 250–257.
28.
Hamilton JL, Nesi J, Choukas-Bradley S. Reexamining Social Media and Socioemotional Well-Being Among Adolescents Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Review and Directions for Future Research. Perspect Psychol Sci 2022; 17(3): 662–679.
29.
Hamilton JL, Dreier MJ, Boyd SI. Social media as a bridge and a window: The changing relationship of adolescents with social media and digital platforms. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52: 101633.
30.
Venegas-Vera AV, Colbert GB, Lerma EV. Positive and negative impact of social media in the COVID-19 era. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2020; 21(4): 561–564.
31.
Reinwarth AC, Ernst M, Krakau L, et al. Screening for loneliness in representative population samples: Validation of a single-item measure. PLoS One 2023; 18(3): e0279701.
32.
Inchley J, Currie D, Budisavljevic S, et al., eds. Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being. Findings from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Volume 2. Key data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289055000.