Are mast cells important in diabetes?

Duraisamy Kempuraj; Alessandro Caraffa; Gianpaolo Ronconi; Gianfranco Lessiani; Pio Conti

doi:10.5114/pjp.2016.63770

eISSN: 2084-9869
ISSN: 1233-9687

Polish Journal of Pathology

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3/2016
vol. 67

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abstract:

Review paper

Are mast cells important in diabetes?

Duraisamy Kempuraj

¹

,

Alessandro Caraffa

²

,

Gianpaolo Ronconi

³

,

Gianfranco Lessiani

⁴

,

Pio Conti

⁵

Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
Department of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
Villa Serena Hospital, Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
Postgraduate Medical School, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy

Pol J Pathol 2016; 67 (3): 199-206

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pjp.2016.63770

Online publish date: 2016/11/25

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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with microvascular and macrovascular syndromes mediated by mast cells. Mast cells are activated through cross-linking of their surface high affinity receptors for IgE (FcRI) or other antigens, leading to degranulation and release of stored inflammatory mediators, and cytokines/chemokines without degranulation. Mast cells are implicated in innate and acquired immunity, inflammation and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Histamine and tryptase genes in mast cells are overexpressed in pancreatic tissue of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Histamine is a classic inflammatory mediator generated by activated receptors of mast cells from the histamine-forming enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which can be activated by two inflammatory chemokines, RANTES and MPC1, when injected intramuscularly or intradermally in mice. This activation is inhibited in genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, which show higher insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. This study contributes to understanding the mechanism by which mast cells profoundly affect diabetes, and their manipulation could represent a new therapeutic strategy. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of mast cells in inflammation and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

keywords:

Are mast cells important in diabetes?

Duraisamy Kempuraj 1 , Alessandro Caraffa 2 , Gianpaolo Ronconi 3 , Gianfranco Lessiani 4 , Pio Conti 5

type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, mast cells, autoimmunity, immune modulation, peripheral vascular disease

Duraisamy Kempuraj

¹

,

Alessandro Caraffa

²

,

Gianpaolo Ronconi

³

,

Gianfranco Lessiani

⁴

,

Pio Conti

⁵