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ISSN: 1895-5770
Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny
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without publication fees
1/2024
vol. 19
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Assessment of the activity of the immune system in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and asymptomatic COVID-19

Michał Łodyga
1
,
Katarzyna Maciejewska
1, 2
,
Kamila Stawczyk-Eder
3
,
Piotr Eder
3
,
Agnieszka Dobrowolska
3
,
Maria Wiśniewska-Jarosińska
4
,
Anita Gąsiorowska
4
,
Małgorzata Cicha
5
,
Grażyna Rydzewska
1, 6

  1. Department of Gastroenterology with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subdivision, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Heliodor Święcicki University Hospital, Poznan, Poland
  4. Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  5. Diagnostic Laboratory, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
  6. Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Gastroenterology Rev 2024; 19 (1): 46–53
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2023.124281
Online publish date: 2023/01/19
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Introduction
Although the phenomenon of cytokine storm is well described in patients with severe COVID-19, little is known about the role of the immune system in asymptomatic patients, especially in the group with autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aim
To assess the stimulation of the immune system expressed through the production of cytokines in IBD patients with asymptomatic COVID-19.

Material and methods
This is a multi-centre, prospective study in which the concentration of many cytokines (IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL- 15, IL-17, IL-23, IFN-, TNF-, TNF-) was assessed in patients with IBD and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed by serological tests.

Results
In the group of patients with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as positive antibodies in the IgA + IgM class, a higher percentage of patients with the presence of interleukin (IL) 2 (IL-2) was found. No association with other cytokines or effects of IBD activity or treatment was found. However, the effect of the applied treatment on the concentration of some cytokines was found: a negative association of infliximab, vedolizumab, and prednisone with IL-2, a positive correlation of steroids, thiopurines with IL-10, and in the case of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), negative with infliximab, and positive with vedolizumab.

Conclusions
The increased concentration of IL-2 may result from its regulatory role in inhibiting excessive activation of the immune system; however, considering the studies of patients with severe COVID-19, its role in the initial phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection requires further research.

keywords:

COVID-19, inflammatory bowel disease, cytokines
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