Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature

Aleksandra Furtak; Anna Wędrychowicz; Dorota Roztoczyńska; Dominika Januś; Karolina Orchel-Szastak; Przemko Kwinta; Jerzy B. Starzyk

doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.112860

eISSN: 2083-8441
ISSN: 2081-237X

Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism

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abstract:

Original paper

Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature

Aleksandra Furtak

^{1, 2}

,

Anna Wędrychowicz

^{1, 2}

,

Dorota Roztoczyńska

²

,

Dominika Januś

^{1, 2}

,

Karolina Orchel-Szastak

³

,

Przemko Kwinta

^{4, 3}

,

Jerzy B. Starzyk

^{1, 2}

Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Cracow, Poland
Department of Pediatric, University Children’s Hospital in Cracow, Poland
Department of Pediatric, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland

Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 28 (2): 114–122

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.112860

Online publish date: 2022/03/27

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AMA

Furtak A, Wędrychowicz A, Roztoczyńska D, et al. Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2022;28(2):114-122. doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.112860.

APA

Furtak, A., Wędrychowicz, A., Roztoczyńska, D., Januś, D., Orchel-Szastak, K.,  & Kwinta, P. et al. (2022). Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 28(2), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.112860

Chicago

Furtak, Aleksandra, Anna Wędrychowicz, Dorota Roztoczyńska, Dominika Januś, Karolina Orchel-Szastak, Przemko Kwinta,  and Jerzy B. Starzyk. 2022. "Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 28 (2): 114-122. doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.112860.

Harvard

Furtak, A., Wędrychowicz, A., Roztoczyńska, D., Januś, D., Orchel-Szastak, K., Kwinta, P.,  and B. Starzyk, J. (2022). Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 28(2), pp.114-122. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.112860

MLA

Furtak, Aleksandra et al. "Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature." Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, vol. 28, no. 2, 2022, pp. 114-122. doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.112860.

Vancouver

Furtak A, Wędrychowicz A, Roztoczyńska D, Januś D, Orchel-Szastak K, Kwinta P et al. Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2022;28(2):114-122. doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.112860.

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Introduction
Some storage diseases, caused by a deficiency of a specific enzyme, which results in the systemic accumulation of non-metabolized substances, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which can protect many organs, including the endocrine system.

Aim
The aim of the study was to assess the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in children with storage diseases treated with ERT, and to review the literature.

Material and methods
Eight patients were included in the study: 3 with Fabry disease (age: 17; 9.9; 10 years), 3 with Hunter's disease (12.3; 4.1; 9,3), and 2 with Pompe disease (6.8; 9,5). Thyroid function and morphology were assessed in each patient during ERT, and 4 of them were reassessed 27 months later.

Results
One patient with Fabry disease had been treated for hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed before the study. The remaining patients had normal thyroid tests and negative anti-thyroid antibodies at first and second evaluation; however, in all reassessed patients a decrease in TSH value was noted. Among the remaining patients with Fabry disease, one had normal and a second had heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid during first assessment. In the second patient, normalisation of echogenicity was observed at reassessment. Both patients with Pompe disease assessed once had slightly heterogeneous thyroid echogenicity. In 3 patients with Hunter's disease in the first ultrasound examination, no abnormalities were found. In re-evaluation, 2 of them showed heterogeneous thyroid echogenicity.

Conclusions
We conclude that patients with storage diseases should undergo assessment of thyroid function and morphology before and during ERT.

keywords:

Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases – preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature

Aleksandra Furtak 1, 2 , Anna Wędrychowicz 1, 2 , Dorota Roztoczyńska 2 , Dominika Januś 1, 2 , Karolina Orchel-Szastak 3 , Przemko Kwinta 4, 3 , Jerzy B. Starzyk 1, 2

storage diseases, enzyme replacement therapy, thyroid

Aleksandra Furtak

^{1, 2}

,

Anna Wędrychowicz

^{1, 2}

,

Dorota Roztoczyńska

²

,

Dominika Januś

^{1, 2}

,

Karolina Orchel-Szastak

³

,

Przemko Kwinta

^{4, 3}

,

Jerzy B. Starzyk

^{1, 2}