Can factors that influence nodal dissemination in patients with colorectal cancer be identified? Own experience

Introduction
As one of the most common causes of cancer deaths in Poland, colorectal cancer, remains a mystery when factors affecting local and distant lymph node metastasis are concerned.

Aim
In this study the authors have analysed possible correlations between the number of regional (and distant) lymph nodes affected by cancer, location and stage of the primary tumour, levels of oncological markers CA19-9 and CEA, and the patients age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other clinical symptoms.

Material and methods
A special questionnaire was created for this study, and a group of 100 men and women was selected. All patients in the study group had undergone surgery due to colorectal cancer.

Results
There were no statistically significant relationships between age, and number and location of metastases (p > 0.05). Primary tumour assessment did not show a statistically significant relationship with the presence of metastases to regional lymph nodes (p > 0.05). There was also no statistically significant correlation between tumour localisation and lymph node metastases (p > 0.05) or between tumour size, BMI, occurrence of physical symptoms, and involvement of distant lymph nodes (p > 0.05). The highest CEA was observed in a patient with nine regional lymph node metastases (612.46 ng/ml) and the lowest in one with metastases to two regional nodes (0.2 U/ml). CEA value above 5 ng/ml was found in 35.74% of patients with regional lymph node metastases. A statistically significant relationship was reported (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The location of the primary tumour, and its pathological stage and size does not seem to have a direct correla- tion with the occurrence of regional lymph node metastases. Metastasis to distant lymph nodes seems to be a consequence of metastases in regional nodes. Elevated CEA tumour marker values are significantly related to metastases in regional lymph nodes. The elevation of CA 19-9 and CEA tumour markers significantly correlates with the presence of metastasis to distant lymph nodes. The location of the primary tumour determines the formation of metastases in distant lymph nodes.