Cesarean sections among low-risk primiparous women

Background
World epidemiological data point to the rapid increase in the percentage of cesarean sections in the total number of deliveries. Numerous scientific evidence shows that cesarean section has an adverse effect on the postpartum course compared to vaginal delivery.

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to assess risk factors related to cesarean section and perform a comparative analysis of complications after vaginal deliveries and cesarean section.

Material and methods
The study included 320 mothers after vaginal delivery and 507 mothers after cesarean section, hospitalized in the obstetric departments of three Cracow medical centers. The methods used in this study included document analysis, a diagnostic survey, and estimation with the use of standardized research tools. Statistical analysis of the results collected was carried out on the basis of STATISTICA 12 software. All analyzes were performed at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results
Based on the research conducted, a relationship between body mass index and the delivery method was demonstrated. A mother’s age and higher weight gain had an influence on the increased probability of a cesarean section. Operative delivery was a factor that significantly affected the appearance of complications during the course of the puerperium. The cesarean section influenced delayed verticalization and extended hospitalization time, increased number of complications and ailments, decreased mental well-being, and more frequent lactation period problems.

Conclusions
The results of the studies show that operative delivery by caesarean section was associated with an increase in maternal complications in the postpartum period.