eISSN: 2449-8580
ISSN: 1734-3402
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
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4/2024
vol. 26
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Clinical assessment of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Rina Amelia
1
,
Masitha Dewi Sari
2
,
Vanda Virgayanti
2
,
Hendri Wijaya
3
,
Ruth Maria Situmorang
4
,
Salsabila Nadyah
5

  1. Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, In-donesia
  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  4. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  5. Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2024; 26(4): 433–437
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2024.144910
Online publish date: 2024/12/29
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Background
Retinopathy associated with diabetes, also known as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Apolipoprotein and lipid profiles have been identified as potential predictors of DR development

Objectives
To identify risk factors for retinopathy in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Medan earlier and to improve the management of the complications.

Material and methods
There were 89 patients with T2DM (60 non-retinopathy and 29 retinopathy patients) included in this cross-sectional analysis. A fundoscopic examination revealed that DR was present. The Blood Glucose Levels (BGL), HbA1C, Apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and vitamin D were measured using blood analysis. Albuminuria was measured by comparing the amount of albumin in the urine to the amount of creatinine (ACR). The association between each predictor and DR was calculated using bivariate analysis, the independent t-Test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate anal-ysis was performed using the logistic regression test (p < 0.05).

Results
Retinopathy predictive modelling found that while hypertension, LDL-C, and triglycerides were poor predic-tors, BGL, TC, and ACR were all positive.

Conclusions
T2DM patients should be aware of the signs of elevated BGL, total cholesterol, and ACR, since these factors reliably predict the occurrence of DR issues. Educating patients and giving them more control over their lives is essential to avoiding the progression of chronic conditions.

keywords:

glycemic control, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes complications

  
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