Clinical research
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and smoking-related disease correlates in Iranian asymptomatic HBV carriers

Seyed M Alavian

,

Ali A.K Zarchi

,

Morteza Javadipour

,

Shervin Assari

,

Maryam Keshvari

,

Bita Behnava

Introduction: The possible hepatotoxic effect of cigarette smoking in HBV patients has been proposed by epidemiological and experimental studies, therefore we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of smoking and it’s correlated factors in Iranian asymptomatic HBV carriers
Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study, we included 1116 asymptomatic HBV carriers from patients admitted to the hepatitis clinic of the Tehran Blood Transfusion Organization between 2002 and 2006 Demographic data, health history including cigarette smoking (>100 cigarettes per lifetime) and para-clinical information were registered
Results: The prevalence of smoking in asymptomatic carriers of HBV was 135% The mean smoking index in asymptomatic carriers of HBV was 290±206 pack-years (for 151 smoker patients) Frequency of cigarette smoking was higher in men than women (163 vs 43%, p<005) and in married subjects than singles (157 vs 76%, p=0003) The mean age of smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers (43±10 vs 40±12, p=0001) Self-reported ethanol consumption was more common in smokers than non-smokers (442 vs 11%, p<005) Relative risk for developing fatty liver in smokers was 179 (95% CI: 116-275) Developing fatty liver was correlated with a higher smoking index (321±209 vs 278±196 pack-years)
Conclusions: Although this study suffers from some limitations such as assessing smoking by a questionnaire rather than plasma nicotine or urinary nicotine levels, we recommend specific smoking cessation strategies for hepatitis patients We also suggest smoker HBV carriers be monitored more closely for developing fatty liver disease