Dermoscopic diagnosis of subungual hematoma: new observations

Introduction
There are very few studies focusing on the dermoscopic features of subungual hematoma which is one of the major imitators of subungual melanoma.

Aim
To identify the dermoscopic findings of subungual hematoma, which will facilitate the diagnostic process by reducing the use of more invasive diagnostic methods like nail avulsion or biopsy.

Material and methods
In this study, clinical and dermoscopic findings of the cases were reviewed. The diagnosis of subungual hematoma was confirmed by observing progression of the colour change to the distal edge of the nail plate in all the cases.

Results
A total of 47 subungual hematomas were enrolled in the study. The most common colour was purple-black (53%). Blue-white colour was observed in 12 (26%) lesions. 9 (19%) lesions showed granular leukonychia. All of the lesions had a homogenous pattern. In 25 (53%) lesions, a globular pattern was observed. 14 (30%) lesions showed a streaks pattern. Peripheral fading and periungual haemorrhage were present in 14 (30%) and 9 (9%) lesions, respectively.

Conclusions
We detected two new findings which have not been described previously for subungual hematoma: the first one is “blue-white colour” which is known as an important clue to melanoma. The second one is granular leukonychia localized on the hematoma. We suggest that in any case of the nail discoloration, a thorough dermoscopic examination should be performed. Moreover, progression of the colour change to the distal edge should be observed to ensure that a possible melanoma is not overlooked.