eISSN: 2450-5722
ISSN: 2450-5927
Journal of Health Inequalities
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2/2016
vol. 2
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Differences in energy and selected macronutrients intake with diet between men and women from urban and rural areas of the Lower Silesia in Poland: the Polish arm of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study

Dorota Różańska
1
,
Bożena Regulska-Ilow
1
,
Rafał Ilow
2
,
Katarzyna Zatońska
3
,
Maria Wołyniec
3
,
Anna Mandecka
1
,
Klaudia Konikowska
1
,
Agnieszka Salomon
1
,
Alicja Basiak
3
,
Andrzej Szuba
4, 5
,
Witold A. Zatoński
6, 7

  1. Department of Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  3. Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  4. Department of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  5. 4th Military Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland
  6. Health Promotion Foundation, Nadarzyn, Poland
  7. Higher Vocational State School in Kalisz, Poland
J Health Inequal 2016; 2 (2): 148–154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/jhi.2016.65355
Online publish date: 2016/12/30
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Introduction: Adherence to dietary recommendations is an important approach for primary prevention of non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to compare energy and selected macronutrients intake with diet between men and women from urban and rural areas who participated in the Polish arm of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, and to identify the proportion of individuals who did not meet dietary recommendations.

Material and methods: The study participants consisted of 1272 women and 753 men, aged 35-70 years from urban (n = 1200) and rural (n = 825) areas of Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Participants’ habitual food intake was recorded using country-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Results: Estimated daily energy intake was higher for men than women (2121 vs. 2074 kcal, p < 0.05). Percentage energy provided by carbohydrates was 48%, by fats was 32%, and by protein was 15%. The average energy intake from saturated fatty acids (SFA) was 12.4%, from monounsaturated 10.9%, while from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 5.0%, and the P/S ratio was 0.44. In the diets of 75% participants, the percentage energy provided by SFA was above 10%. About 1/3 of participants did not meet the recommended amount of fiber. The urban participants consumed less energy, fat and protein, but more carbohydrates than their rural counterpart.

Conclusions: The diets that were closer to recommendations were observed among women and people residing urban areas compared to men and people residing rural areas. The studied diets were characterised by excessive percentage of energy from SFA and too low from PUFA.
keywords:

diet, nutrients, fatty acids, Food Frequency Questionnaire, PURE study, FFQ
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