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Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne
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abstract:
Original paper

Does COVID-19 determine short- and long-term prognosis in patients with pulmonary embolism? Analysis of data from a pulmonology centre in Świętokrzyskie, Poland

Patrycja Zając
1
,
Karol Kaziród-Wolski
2
,
Janusz Sielski
2
,
Youssef Sleiman
3
,
Magdalena Wolska
4
,
Zbigniew Siudak
2

  1. Rheumatology Department of the Province Hospital, Końskie, Poland
  2. Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
  3. Provincial Specialist Hospital, Czerwona Góra, Poland
  4. Outpatient Treatment Facility ”CenterMed”, Kielce, Poland
Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 2024; 40 (4)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2024.142953
Online publish date: 2024/09/13
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Introduction:
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection has been associated with thrombotic complications, the pathophysiological mechanism of which is complex.

Aim of the research:
To analyse factors influencing the prognosis of patients with pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).

Material and methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on a group of 70 patients with pulmonary embolism and concomitant respiratory system infection. The patients were divided into those with a negative test result for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 (n = 25) and those with a positive result (n = 45). Clinical and imaging characteristics of both groups were presented. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of 30-day and 1-year mortality.

Results:
The study revealed that short-term survival did not differ between the COVID (+) and COVID-19 (–) groups (40 (88.9%) vs. 18 (72.0%), p = 0.1), while long-term survival was higher in the COVID-19 (+) group compared to the COVID-19 (–) group (38 (84.4%) vs. 10 (40.0%), p = 0.0001). Factors influencing short-term survival were lymphocyte levels and left-sided intraparenchymal changes on imaging, while long-term survival was influenced by platelet count, INR, respiratory failure, oxygen saturation, fibrous-striated changes on imaging, and subpleural location. Both short- and long-term survival were determined by higher levels of erythrocytes, haemoglobin, longer prothrombin time, and the intensity of oxygen therapy. The only independent predictor of long-term mortality was concomitant neoplastic disease (OR = 29.03 (1.32–640.2); p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 does not independently affect long-term survival in patients with pulmonary embolism.

keywords:

pulmonary embolism, long-term outcome, COVID-19, SARS-CoV2
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