Health Prob Civil.
1. Wondmkun YT. Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: associations and therapeutic implications. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. 2020; 13: 3611-3616. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S275898
2.
Ünlü TN, Deniz D. Obesity policies applied in Turkey; Germany application comparison. Journal of Selcuk Health. 2022; 3(1): 62-78.
3.
World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity and overweight [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2021 [access 2024 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight#:~:text=The%20diagnosis%20of%20overweight%20and,help%20the%20diagnosis%20of%20obesity.
4.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). [Women in statistics] [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu; 2023 [access 2024 Apr 8]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2023-53675 (in Turkish).
5.
Kılıç AF, Bayrak M, Çadırcı K. Body Mass Index and hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic adults. Pharmata. 2023; 3(4): 84-86. https://doi.org/10.5152/Pharmata.2023.23015
6.
Ghobrial BB, ElKabarity RH, Hassan AMM. Association of glycosylated hemoglobin levels with insulin resistance in adolescent among medical students Ain Shams University. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2023; 116(Suppl. 1): hcad069-025. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcad069.025
7.
Keskin M, Kurtoglu S, Kendirci M, Atabek ME, Yazici C. Homeostasis model assessment is more reliable than the fasting glucose/insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index for assessing insulin resistance among obese children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(4): 500-503. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1921
8.
Kurtoğlu S, Hatipoğlu N, Mazıcıoğlu M, Kendirici M, Keskin M, Kondolot M. Insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents: HOMA-IR cut-off levels in the prepubertal and pubertal periods. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2010; 2(3): 100-106. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.v2i3.100
9.
Lee HS, Park HK, Hwang JS. HbA1c and glucose intolerance in obese children and adolescents. Diabetic Medicine. 2012; 29(7): 102-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03596.x
10.
Hardy OT, Czech MP, Corvera S. What causes the insulin resistance underlying obesity?. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012; 19(2): 81. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e3283514e13
11.
Christopher B, Newgard CB. Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008; 9: 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2327
12.
Sahin NM, Kinik ST, Tekindal MA. OGTT results in obese adolescents with normal HOMA-IR values. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 26: 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0206
13.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2016 abridged for primary care providers. Clinical Diabetes. 2016; 34: 3-21. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.34.1.3
14.
Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O'Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022; 10(5): 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X
15.
Yilmaz FK, Yarar O. The trends of prevalence of obesity in Turkey from 2008-2016. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. Iranıan Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2021; 13(2): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v13i2.6474
16.
Bereket A, Atay Z. Current status of childhood obesity and its associated morbidities in Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2012; 4(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.506
17.
Batur T, Akbay Hİ, Çokluk E, Esendemir A. Evaluation of the hemoglobin A1c test in detecting pediatric prediabetes. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2023; 13(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1095786
18.
Ameye H, Swinnen, J. Obesity, income and gender: the changing global relationship. Global Food Security. 2019; 23: 267-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.09.003
19.
Kim S, Song K, Lee M, Suh J, Chae HW, Kim HS, et al. Trends in HOMA-IR values among South Korean adolescents from 2007-2010 to 2019-2020: a sex-, age-, and weight status-specific analysis. International Journal of Obesity. 2023; 47(9): 865-872. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01340-2
20.
Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kota S, Das S. Person-centred obesity care – techniques, thresholds, tools and targets. Eur Endocrinol. 2020; 16: 11-3. https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.11
21.
Kapoor N, Arora S, Kalra S. Gender disparities in people living with obesity – an unchartered territory. Journal of Mid-Life Health. 2021; 12(2): 103-107. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.jmh_48_21
22.
Wen LM, Merom D, Rissel C, Simpson JM. Weight status, modes of travel to school and screen time: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 10-13 years in Sydney. Health Promot. J. Austr. 2010; 21: 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1071/HE10057
23.
Fulton JE, Shisler JL, Yore MM, Caspersen CJ. Active transportation to school: findings from a national survey. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 2005; 76: 352-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2005.10599306
24.
Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth BE, Popkin BM. Active commuting to school: an overlooked source of childrens’ physical activity?. Sports Med. 2001; 31: 309-313. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131050-00001
25.
Onal ZE, Atasayan V, Gürbüz T, Hepkaya E, Nuhoğlu C. Association of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with insulin resistance in obese children. Afr Health Sci. 2014; 14: 533-538. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i3.6
26.
Fujii C, Sakakibara H. Association between insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors and overweight in Japanese schoolchildren. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2012; 6: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2011.04.002
27.
Kostovski M, Simeonovski V, Mironska K, Tasic V, Gucev Z. Metabolic profiles in obese children and adolescents with insulin resistance. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018; 6(3): 511-518. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.097
28.
Morrison JA, Glueck CJ, Horn PS, Schreiber GB, Wang P. Pre-teen insulin resistance predicts weight gain, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes at age 18-19 y: a 10-y prospective study of black and white girls. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 88(3): 778-88. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.3.778
29.
Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-González A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, Gude F, García F, De Francisco A et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2013; 13: 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-13-47
30.
Lee CT, Lin CY, Strong C, Lin YF, Chou YY, Tsai MC. Metabolic correlates of health-related quality of life among overweight and obese adolescents. BMC Pediatrics. 2018; 18: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1044-8
31.
Tornquist D, Tornquist L, Reuter CP, Horta JA, Renner JDP, Burgos MS. Effects of an interdisciplinary intervention on insulin resistance indicators in overweight and obese adolescents. Journal of Human Growth and Development. 2020; 30(2): 274-282. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.10379
32.
Ling JCY, Mohamed MNA, Jalaludin MY, Rampal S, Zaharan NL, Mohamed Z. Determinants of high fasting insulin and insulin resistance among overweight/obese adolescents. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6(1): 36270. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36270
33.
Jung UJ, Choi MS. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(4): 6184-6223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15046184
34.
Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M, Ferraro R, Foley JE, Ravussin E, et al. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993; 329: 1988-1992. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199312303292703
35.
Sundell J. Resistance training is an effective tool against metabolic and frailty syndromes. Advances in Preventive Medicine. 2011: 984683. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/984683
36.
Said MA, Abdelmoneim MA, Alibrahim MS, Kotb AAH. Aerobic training, resistance training, or their combination as a means to fight against excess weight and metabolic syndrome in obese students – which is the most effective modality?. A randomized controlled trial. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2021; 46(8): 952-963. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0972
Copyright: © 2024 Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
