Biology of Sport
eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X
Biology of Sport
Current Issue Manuscripts accepted About the journal Editorial board Abstracting and indexing Archive Ethical standards and procedures Contact Instructions for authors Journal's Reviewers Special Information
Editorial System
Submit your Manuscript
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
Search
Editorial Policies
Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications

Open access

without publication fees
Share:
Send email
Share:
Original paper

Effects of 6 weeks of complex training on athletic performance and post-activation performance enhancement effect magnitude in soccer players: a cross-sectional randomized study

Michał Krzysztofik
1, 2
,
Jakub Jarosz
1
,
Robert Urbański
3
,
Piotr Aschenbrenner
3
,
Petr Stastny
2

  1. Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
  2. Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
  3. Department of Biomechanics and Sports Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
Biol Sport. 2025;42(1):211–221
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.139849
Online publish date: 2024/08/08
Article file
- 21_03610_Article.pdf  [0.94 MB]
Get citation
 
PlumX metrics:
 
1. Cormier P, Freitas TT, Loturco I, Turner A, Virgile A, Haff GG, Blazevich AJ, Agar-Newman D, Henneberry M, Baker DG, McGuigan M, Alcaraz PE, Bishop C. Within Session Exercise Sequencing During Programming for Complex Training: Historical Perspectives, Terminology, and Training Considerations. Sports Med. 2022 Oct; 52(10):2371–89.
2. Seitz LB, Haff GG. Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation of Jump, Sprint, Throw, and Upper-Body Ballistic Performances: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2016 Feb; 46(2):231–40.
3. Maroto-Izquierdo S, Bautista I, Rivera F. Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after a single-bout of high-intensity flywheel resistance training. Biol Sport. 2020; 37(4):343–50.
4. Moura Zagatto A, Medeiros Dutra Y, Claus G, de Sousa Malta E, Bonetti. de Poli RA, Pinheiro Brisola GM, Boullosa D. Drop jumps improve repeated sprint ability performances in professional basketball players. Biol Sport. 2022; 39(1):59–66.
5. Chiu LZF, Fry AC, Weiss LW, Schilling BK, Brown LE, Smith SL. Postactivation potentiation response in athletic and recreationally trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov; 17(4):671–7.
6. Seitz LB, de Villarreal ES, Haff GG. The Temporal Profile of Postactivation Potentiation Is Related to Strength Level: J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Mar; 28(3):706–15.
7. Seitz LB, Trajano GS, Haff GG, Dumke CCLS, Tufano JJ, Blazevich AJ. Relationships between maximal strength, muscle size, and myosin heavy chain isoform composition and postactivation potentiation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab Physiol Appl Nutr Metab. 2016 May; 41(5):491–7.
8. Morris SJ, Oliver JL, Pedley JS, Haff GG, Lloyd RS. Comparison of Weightlifting, Traditional Resistance Training and Plyometrics on Strength, Power and Speed: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2022 Jul; 52(7):1533–54.
9. Marshall J, Bishop C, Turner A, Haff GG. Optimal Training Sequences to Develop Lower Body Force, Velocity, Power, and Jump Height: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2021 Jun; 51(6):1245–71.
10. Freitas TT, Martinez-Rodriguez A, Calleja-González J, Alcaraz PE. Short-term adaptations following Complex Training in team-sports: A meta-analysis. Sampaio J, editor. PLOS ONE. 2017 Jun 29; 12(6):e0180223.
11. Thapa RK, Lum D, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R. Effects of Complex Training on Sprint, Jump, and Change of Direction Ability of Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 22; 11:627869.
12. Guerra MA, Caldas LC, Souza HL, Tallis J, Duncan MJ, Guimarães-Ferreira L. The Effects of Physical Fitness on Postactivation Potentiation in Professional Soccer Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Jun; 36(6):1643–7.
13. Del Vecchio A, Casolo A, Negro F, Scorcelletti M, Bazzucchi I, Enoka R, Felici F, Farina D. The increase in muscle force after 4 weeks of strength training is mediated by adaptations in motor unit recruitment and rate coding. J Physiol. 2019 Apr; 597(7):1873–87.
14. Carbone L, Garzón M, Chulvi-Medrano I, Bonilla D, Alonso D, Benítez-Porres J, Petro J, Vargas-Molina S. Effects of heavy barbell hip thrust vs back squat on subsequent sprint performance in rugby players. Biol Sport. 2020; 37(4):325–31.
15. Urbański R, Biel P, Kot S, Perenc D, Aschenbrenner P, Stastny P, Krzysztofik M. Impact of active intra-complex rest intervals on post-back squat versus hip thrust jumping potentiation. Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 10; 13(1):19593.
16. Zghal F, Colson SS, Blain G, Behm DG, Granacher U, Chaouachi A. Combined Resistance and Plyometric Training Is More Effective Than Plyometric Training Alone for Improving Physical Fitness of Pubertal Soccer Players. Front Physiol. 2019 Aug 7; 10:1026.
17. Dello Iacono A, Seitz LB. Hip thrustbased PAP effects on sprint performance of soccer players: heavy-loaded versus optimum-power development protocols. J Sports Sci. 2018 Oct; 36(20):2375–82.
18. Orjalo AJ, Callaghan SJ, Lockie RG. The Effects of the Barbell Hip Thrust on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of Change of Direction Speed in College-Aged Men and Women. Sports. 2020 Nov 24; 8(12):151.
19. Hammami M, Gaamouri N, Shephard RJ, Chelly MS. Effects of Contrast Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Lower-Limb Explosive Performance, Ability to Change Direction and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Aug; 33(8):2094–103.
20. McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Sheppard J, Burke LM. Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Feb 1; 17(2):317–31.
21. Loturco I, Dello Iacono A, Nakamura FY, Freitas TT, Boullosa D, Valenzuela PL, Pereira LA, McGuigan MR. The Optimum Power Load: A Simple and Powerful Tool for Testing and Training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021; 17(2):151–9.
22. Heishman AD, Daub BD, Miller RM, Freitas EDS, Frantz BA, Bemben MG. Countermovement Jump Reliability Performed With and Without an Arm Swing in NCAA Division 1 Intercollegiate Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Feb; 34(2):546–58.
23. Hojka V, Šťastný P, J. Tufano J, Omcirk D, T. Janikov M, Komarc M, Jebavý R. Does a linear position transducer placed on a stick and belt provide sufficient validity and reliability of countermovement jump performance outcomes? Biol Sport. 2022; 39(2):341–8.
24. Stanton R, Hayman M, Humphris N, Borgelt H, Fox J, Del Vecchio L, Humphries B. Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Determining Sprinting Performance. J Sports Med. 2016; 2016:1–5.
25. Rahman ZA. Reliability, Validity, and Norm References of Standing Broad Jump. Rev Gest Inov E Tecnol. 2021 Jun 30; 11(3):1340–54.
26. Gee TI, Harsley P, Bishop DC. Effect of 10 Weeks of Complex Training on Speed and Power in Academy Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Aug 1; 16(8):1134–9.
27. Maio Alves JMV, Rebelo AN, Abrantes C, Sampaio J. Short-Term Effects of Complex and Contrast Training in Soccer Players’ Vertical Jump, Sprint, and Agility Abilities. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Apr; 24(4):936–41.
28. Schoenfeld BJ, Peterson MD, Ogborn D, Contreras B, Sonmez GT. Effects of Lowvs. High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Well-Trained Men: J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Oct; 29(10):2954–63.
29. Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Dec; 31(12):3508–23.
30. Montalvo-Pérez A, Alejo LB, Valenzuela PL, Gil-Cabrera J, Talavera E, Lucia A, Barranco-Gil D. Traditional Versus Velocity-Based Resistance Training in Competitive Female Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol. 2021 Feb 25; 12:586113.
31. Behm DG, Sale DG. Velocity Specificity of Resistance Training: Sports Med. 1993 Jun; 15(6):374–88.
32. Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H. Skeletal Muscle Fatigue: Cellular Mechanisms. Physiol Rev. 2008 Jan; 88(1):287–332.
33. Chiu LZF, Barnes JL. The Fitness-Fatigue Model Revisited: Implications for Planning Short- and Long-Term Training. Strength Cond J. 2003; 25(6):42–51.
34. Jensen L, Bangsbo J, Hellsten Y. Effect of high intensity training on capillarization and presence of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle: Capillarization in exercise-trained skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2004 Jun; 557(2):571–82.
35. Sonkodi B, Berkes I, Koltai E. Have We Looked in the Wrong Direction for More Than 100 Years? Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Is, in Fact, Neural Microdamage Rather Than Muscle Damage. Antioxidants. 2020 Mar 5; 9(3):212.
36. Wilson MT, Hunter AM, Fairweather M, Kerr S, Hamilton DL, Macgregor LJ. Enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function and corticospinal excitability precede strength and architectural adaptations during lower-limb resistance training. Eur J Appl Physiol [Internet]. 2023 Apr 25 [cited 2023 Aug 9]; Available from: https://link.springer. com/10.1007/s00421-023-05201-8
37. Del Vecchio A, Negro F, Holobar A, Casolo A, Folland JP, Felici F, Farina D. You are as fast as your motor neurons: speed of recruitment and maximal discharge of motor neurons determine the maximal rate of force development in humans. J Physiol. 2019 May; 597(9):2445–56.
38. Rodríguez-Rosell D, Torres-Torrelo J, Franco-Márquez F, González-Suárez JM, González-Badillo JJ. Effects of light-load maximal lifting velocity weight training vs. combined weight training and plyometrics on sprint, vertical jump and strength performance in adult soccer players. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Jul; 20(7):695–9.
39. Boccia G, Cardinale M, Brustio PR. Performance progression of elite jumpers: Early performances do not predict later success. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Jan; 31(1):132–9.
40. MacIntosh BR, Robillard ME, Tomaras EK. Should postactivation potentiation be the goal of your warm-up? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Jun; 37(3):546–50.
Copyright: Institute of Sport. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
  
Termedia
About us Contact
Copyright notice Privacy policy Advertising policy Contact us
Quick links
Journals Books eBooks Events
© 2024 Termedia Sp. z o.o.
Developed by Bentus.