Effects of physical activity on the development and progression of myopia in children: a current review of the literature

Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to review the available literature evaluating the effects of various parameters of physical activity on myopia.

Results
Physical activity and its impact on various aspects of health are currently being widely studied by many researchers. In view of the increasing global incidence of myopia and the potential social and economic effects of myopia-related complications, methods to prevent occurrence are actively being sought. There are studies showing a reduction in the risk of myopia in physically active children.

Conclusions
Based on the review of the available literature, the authors conclude that performing physical activity outdoors for at least 60 minutes a day is associated with health benefits. However, further research is needed to determine the time and type of activity that may inhibit the development and progression of myopia. The authors also recommend an ophthalmological examination prior to the initiation of intense exercise, especially in children with high degree myopia, which may be associated with degenerative changes in the fundus, increasing the risk of retinal detachment.