Evaluating smoking cessation strategies in thoracic surgery outpatient clinics

Introduction
Smoking cessation remains a global challenge due to the complex and individualized nature of addiction. Understanding the interplay of psychological, social, and biological factors is crucial for developing effective, personalized cessation strategies.

Aim
This study investigated the factors influencing the success of smoking cessation efforts among patients visiting thoracic surgery outpatient clinics.

Material and methods
Between October 2022 and October 2023, 355 smokers sought assistance at thoracic surgery outpatient clinics, with 231 patients included in the study after exclusions. Data on demographics, comorbidities, cessation attempts, and Fagerström addiction scores were analyzed. Patients received nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), medical therapy (bupropion), and behavioral therapy. Follow-ups were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months to assess cessation outcomes.

Results
The cohort included 137 males and 94 females, with an average age of 45 years. Overall, 81 patients (35.06%) quit smoking in the first month, and 15 (6.49%) additional patients quit by the third month. Relapse occurred in 36 (15.58%) patients, and 99 (42.86%) patients failed to quit. Success rates were similar between genders and unrelated to age, comorbidities, previous attempts, or smoking intensity. The success rate was slightly higher among those who received pharmacotherapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, full adherence to behavioral suggestions was significantly associated with increased cessation success (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Behavioral therapy plays a critical role in smoking cessation success. Tailored behavioral strategies significantly enhance outcomes, highlighting the need for personalized approaches in cessation programs. Patients in thoracic surgery outpatient clinics benefit from comprehensive support, emphasizing behavioral adaptation to improve cessation rates.