Exercise training to improve balance ability for individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with exhibit specific balance problems due to inter alia deficits in the postural control system and hypotonia. One approach to reducing balance impairments in this population is exercise training. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise training designed to improve balance ability in people with DS.

A search for relevant articles was carried out on seven electronic databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science. This systematic review was carried out between 2010 and 2022. Utilizing a set of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were selected and their methodology was assessed using the PEDro scale. Data analyses were performed using the CMA v3 random effects model.

In total, 514 articles were screened, and the data from 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving DS were subjected to a meta-analysis. The results showed that exercise training was effective in improving balance (ES: 1.20, 95% CIs: 0.95 to 1.53, p = 0.00).

Despite the small number of studies, the findings suggest that exercise training might improve balance in children and young people with DS. In conclusion, exercise training is highly recommended for people with DS, to improve their balance and prevent falling risk.