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ISSN: 0031-3939
Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics
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2/2024
vol. 99
 
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abstract:
Case report

Feeding difficulties in infancy as an early symptom of different forms of diabetes insipidus – a series of cases

Katarzyna Anna Banasiak
1
,
Małgorzata Barbara Stańczyk
2, 3
,
Elżbieta Szczepanik
2, 3
,
Katarzyna Monika Krawiranda
1
,
Anita Janus
1
,
Kacper Piotr Kościelny
1
,
Marcin Tkaczyk
2, 3

  1. Student’s Paediatric Scientific Association at the Department of Paediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
  2. Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
  3. Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Immunology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
Pediatr Pol 2024; 99 (2): 158-163
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/polp.2024.139872
Online publish date: 2024/05/24
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Feeding disorders of infancy are common in paediatric practice. Among rare causes of this disturbance is diabetes insipidus (DI), which is a clinical syndrome characterized by polyuria, polydypsia and dehydration with hypernatraemia. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI, vasopressin deficiency) is more common in children than nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI, an inability to respond adequately to vasopressin). Regardless of the type of DI, the main goal of treatment is to decrease thirst and urine output and achieve proper ion and fluid balance.

We present three cases of infants with feeding difficulties. The first two cases concerned patients with semilobar holoprosencephaly (HPE). Their stories show the importance of knowing the most common abnormalities associated with HPE, such as CDI. The third child had similar problems with feeding which resembled a defect of the central nervous system, but was finally diagnosed as NDI. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is demonstrated in the paper with special regards to safe management of hypernatraemic dehydration.
keywords:

diabetes insipidus, holoprosencephaly, hypernatraemia, infant, feeding and eating disorders