eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874
Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne
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4/2022
vol. 38
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours – an overview

Karol Maciejewski
1
,
Barbara Buchalska
1
,
Małgorzata Solnik
1
,
Marta Fudalej
2
,
Andrzej Deptała
2
,
Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz
2

  1. Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Head of the Department: Prof. Andrzej Deptała MD, PhD
  2. Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Head of the Department: Prof. Andrzej Deptała MD, PhD
Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 2022; 38 (4): 361–376
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2022.122394
Online publish date: 2022/12/16
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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) belong to a group of various tumours that can arise on many internal organs. Among NENs a large class of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) can be distinguished, which comprise neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Therefore, this review provides the current status of the World Health Organization classification of GEP-NETs as well as an overview of their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment methods. GEP-NETs are generally divided into 5 groups: pancreatic NETs (PanNETs), gastric NETs (G-NETs), duodenal NETs (D-NETs), jejunoileal NETs (Je-Ile NETs), and neuroendocrine neoplasms of the large intestine. Moreover, in each group several subtypes have been introduced according to cell differentiation, mitotic rate, and Ki-67 index. Low- and intermediate-grade GEP-NETs are well differentiated, have a mitotic rate under 20, and a Ki-67 index under 20%. High-grade GEP-NETs, however, are characterized by poor differentiation, mitotic rate over 20, and Ki-67 index over 20%.
keywords:

tumour, neuroendocrine, gastroenteropancreatic
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