Gingival recessions in Warsaw residents aged 35-44 years

Introduction
Knowledge of the incidence of recessions in adults is of great clinical importance, as more and more patients over the age of 30 years decide to start treatment with fixed appliances.

Aim
The aim of the paper was to assess the incidence of gingival recessions and to analyse the effects of potential risk factors of recession on its incidence in a group of adult residents of Warsaw aged 35–44 years.

Material and methods
The study group included 250 selected residents of Warsaw (142 women and 108 men) with the mean age of 40.5 ± 2.9. The patients were subject to a medical interview and physical examination including a dental and periodontal examination.

Results
Gingival recessions (GR1) (1614) were found in 207 subjects (82.8%), 115 women (81.0%) and 92 men (85.2%). In 75 subjects 199 recessions ≥ 3 mm (GR2) were observed, in 16 subjects – 31 recessions ≥ 5 mm (GR3) were observed. The most frequent recessions were observed around molars in the maxilla and second premolars in the mandible. They were more frequent in men, people with higher education, income per family member < 800 PLN, former smokers and subjects with a lower number of support zones. GR1 was observed more often in the upper than lower teeth, especially in case of an improper tooth position in the dental arch. GR2 was more frequent in patients with malocclusions. The multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between mean values of the clinical attachment level (CAL), approximal plaque index (API) and GR1. A negative correlation was observed between mean values of the probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP) values and GR1.

Conclusions
Gingival recessions in Warsaw residents aged 35–44 years were very common. Relationships between the level of oral hygiene, the extent of inflammation and the incidence of gingival recession were observed.