Biology of Sport
eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X
Biology of Sport
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without publication fees
4/2024
vol. 41
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Heavier loads in flywheel exercise induce greater post-activation performance enhancement in countermovement jumps compared to heavy Smith machine squats in males

Jianhua Shi
1, 2
,
Bing Yan
1, 3
,
Mengjie Yu
1, 4
,
Zhe Wang
1
,
Yang Wang
1, 3
,
Haoyang Liu
5
,
Wei Zhang
5
,
Olivier Girard
6

  1. China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
  2. School of Physical Education, Yanching Institute of Technology, Langfang, China
  3. Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, China
  4. Sanya Branch School of High School Affiliated Renmin University, Sanya, China
  5. School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
  6. School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
Biol Sport. 2024;41(4):231–240
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.139075
Online publish date: 2024/04/25
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We evaluated the effects of post-activation performance enhancement through flywheel exercise with varying inertial loads compared to traditional resistance exercise on countermovement jump performance and muscle recruitment. In a randomized crossover design, 13 trained men completed four main experimental trials after three familiarization sessions. These conditions included a traditional trial consisting of 5 sets of 1 repetition using the Smith machine (SM) squat at 90% 1RM, and three flywheel ergometer trials. Each flywheel protocol consisted of 3 sets of 8 repetitions with 3-minute rest intervals between sets, utilizing one of three inertial loads (0.0465, 0.0784, and 0.1568 kg · m2 for light, moderate, and heavy, respectively). Participants performed countermovement jumps before (baseline), immediately after (0 minute), and at the fourth (+4 minutes), eighth (+8 minutes), and twelfth (+12 minutes) minute following exercise. Compared to baseline, jump height was higher at +4 minutes for SM squats (p = 0.009). All flywheel conditions exhibited higher jump heights at +4 minutes (p < 0.05), +8 minutes (p < 0.001), and +12 minutes (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. Additionally, moderate and heavy loads resulted in higher jump heights at 0 minute (both p < 0.001). Integrated electromyographic activity values, a proxy for muscle recruitment, were significantly higher for the gluteus maximus muscle at both +8 minutes and +12 minutes for moderate (both p = 0.004) and heavy loads (p ≤ 0.002) compared to SM squats. Overall, flywheel protocols produce greater post-activation performance enhancement, extend the time window for improvement, and recruit more active musculature compared to heavy-load SM squats, particularly with heavier loads acting as a stronger preload stimulus.
keywords:

Flywheel, Post-activation performance enhancement, Resistance exercise, Conditioning activities, Vertical jump ability, Back squats

  
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