1. Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2022; 25: 377.
2.
Juan J, Yang H. Prevalence, Prevention, and Lifestyle Intervention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18: 17(24): 9517.
3.
American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabet Care 2015; 38(Suppl.): S8–S16.
4.
Colagiuri S, Falavigna M, Agarwal MM, et al. Strategies for implementing the WHO diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 103: 364–372.
5.
Elessawy M, Harders C, Kleinwechter H, et al. Measurement and evaluation of fetal fat layer in the prediction of fetal macrosomia in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296(3): 445–453.
6.
Polsky S, Garcetti R. Pregnancy, and Remote Monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 2017; 19: S49–S59.
7.
Nguyen MT, Ouzounian JG. Evaluation and Management of Fetal Macrosomia. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021; 48(2): 387–399.
8.
Mengesha HG, Wuneh AD, Weldearegawi B, et al. Low birth weight and macrosomia in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: who are the mothers at risk? BMC Pediatr 2017; 17: 144.
9.
Madi SRC, Garcia RMR, Souza VC, et al. Effect of Obesity on Gestational and Perinatal Outcomes. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2017; 39(7): 330–336.
10.
Rashid FB, Khatoon H, Hasnat MA, et al. Perinatal Complications in Diabetes Mellitus with Pregnancy: Comparison between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Diabetes Mellitus Prior to Pregnancy. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26: 124–130.
11.
Logan KM, Gale C, Hyde MJ, et al. Diabetes in pregnancy and infant adiposity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2017; 102: 65–72.
12.
Amrithraj AI, Kodali A, Nguyen L, et al. Gestational Diabetes alters functions in offspring’s umbilical cord cells with implications for cardiovascular health. Endocrinology 2017; 158(7): 2102–2112.
13.
Sweeting A, Wong J, Murphy HR, et al. A Clinical Update on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 2022; 43(5): 763–793.
14.
Rasmussen L, Poulsen CW, Kampmann U, et al. Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2020; 12(10): 3050.
15.
Yang X, Li H, Zhao Q, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines That Address Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67(1): 53–68.
16.
Sagedal LR, Vistad I, Overby NC, et al. The effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on glucose metabolism: results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17: 167.
17.
Embaby H, Elsayed E, Fawzy M. Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Glucose Response to Aerobic Exercise in Pregnant Women at Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Ethiop J Health 2016; 26: 409–414.
18.
Shephard RJ. Body composition in biological anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991.
19.
Kunachowicz H, Nadolna I, Przygoda B, et al. Tabele składu i wartości odżywczej żywności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL; 2005; 13 (in Polish).
20.
Jarosz M, ed. Woda i elektrolity. Normy żywienia dla populacji polskiej – nowelizacja. Warszawa: Instytut Żywności i Żywienia; 2017 (in Polish).
21.
Gerrior S, Juan W, Basiotis P. An easy approach to calculating estimated energy requirements. Prev Chronic Dis 2006; 3: A129.
22.
Brown J, Alwan NA, West J, et al. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5: Cd011970.
23.
Brown WJ, Hayman M, Haakstad LAH, et al. Australian guidelines for physical activity in pregnancy and postpartum. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25(6): 511–519.
24.
Brown J, Ceysens G, Boulvain M. Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6: Cd012202.
25.
Syed H, Slayman T, DuChene Thoma K. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 804: Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Obstet Gynecol 2021; 137(2): 375–376.
26.
Tinius RA, Cahill AG, Cade WT. Low-intensity Physical Activity is Associated with Lower Maternal Systemic Inflammation during Late Pregnancy. J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2017; 7(3): 343.
27.
Takito MY, Benicio MH, Neri Lde C. Physical activity by pregnant women and outcomes for newborns: a systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2009; 43: 1059–1069.
28.
Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR, Jr. How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med 2004; 34: 1–8.
29.
Jiang H, Qian X, Li M, et al. Can physical activity reduce excessive gestational weight gain? Findings from a Chinese urban pregnant women cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9: 12.
30.
Fazzi C, Saunders DH, Linton K, et al. Sedentary behaviours during pregnancy: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14: 32.
31.
Meander L, Lindqvist M, Mogren I, et al. Physical activity and sedentary time during pregnancy and associations with maternal and fetal health outcomes: an epidemiological study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21(1): 166.
32.
Loprinzi PD, Fitzgerald EM, Woekel E, et al. Association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with biological markers among U.S. pregnant women. J Womens Health 2013; 22: 953–958.
33.
Hawkins M, Pekow P, Chasan-Taber L. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and C-reactive protein in pregnancy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46: 284–292.
34.
Matenchuk BA, Carson V, Riske LA, et al. TV time, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic biomarkers in pregnancy-NHANES 2003–2006. Can J Public Health 2022; 113(5): 726–735.
35.
Hegaard HK, Damm P, Hedegaard M, et al. Sports and leisure time physical activity during pregnancy in nulliparous women. Matern Child Health J 2011; 15: 806–813.
36.
Padmapriya N, Shen L, Soh SE, et al. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns Before and During Pregnancy in a Multi-ethnic Sample of Asian Women in Singapore. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19: 2523–2535.
37.
Lynch KE, Landsbaugh JR, Whitcomb BW, et al. Physical activity of pregnant Hispanic women. Am J Prev Med 2012; 43: 434–439.
38.
Gradmark A, Pomeroy J, Renstrom F, et al. Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and estimated insulin sensitivity and secretion in pregnant and non-pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2011; 11: 44.
39.
Winkvist A, Persson V, Hartini TN. Underreporting of energy intake is less common among pregnant women in Indonesia. Public Health Nutr 2002; 5: 523–529.
40.
McGowan CA, McAuliffe FM. Maternal nutrient intakes and levels of energy underreporting during early pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66: 906–913.
41.
Jebeile H, Mijatovic J, Louie JC, et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis of energy intake and weight gain in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214: 465–483.
42.
Awasthi S, Chauhan M, Pandey M, et al. Energy and Protein Intake During Pregnancy in Relation to Preterm Birth: A Case Control Study. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52: 489–492.