Intrahepatic splenosis: a world review

Weh Shien Toh; Kai Siang Chan; Cristine Szu Lyn Ding; Cher Heng Tan; Vishal G. Shelat

doi:10.5114/ceh.2020.99509

eISSN: 2449-8238
ISSN: 2392-1099

Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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abstract:

Review paper

Intrahepatic splenosis: a world review

Weh Shien Toh

¹

,

Kai Siang Chan

^{1, 2}

,

Cristine Szu Lyn Ding

³

,

Cher Heng Tan

⁴

,

Vishal G. Shelat

²

MOH Holdings, Singapore
Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
Department of Pathology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore

Clin Exp HEPATOL 2020; 6, 3: 185–198

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2020.99509

Online publish date: 2020/09/30

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Splenosis is defined as the autotransplantation of viable splenic tissue throughout various anatomic compartments. Intrahepatic splenosis (IHS) is rare and diagnosis is often challenging. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review on IHS. A literature review was performed on PubMed database. Fifty-six articles with 59 reported cases were included. The majority of the patients were male (n = 49, 83.1%). Median age was 51 years. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) included hepatitis B (n = 8, 13.6%) and cirrhosis (n = 12, 20.3%). The majority of the patients were asymptomatic (62.7%) and did not have risk factors for HCC (55.9%). We report a diagnostic triad for IHS: 1) previous history of abdominal trauma or splenectomy, 2) absence of risk factors for liver malignancy and 3) typical imaging features. Non-invasive diagnostic tests such as technetium-99m-tagged heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy are useful in diagnosis. Malignancy should be ruled out in the presence of risk factors for HCC.

keywords:

Intrahepatic splenosis: a world review

Weh Shien Toh 1 , Kai Siang Chan 1, 2 , Cristine Szu Lyn Ding 3 , Cher Heng Tan 4 , Vishal G. Shelat 2

intrahepatic splenosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, splenectomy, liver tumour, liver mass

Weh Shien Toh

¹

,

Kai Siang Chan

^{1, 2}

,

Cristine Szu Lyn Ding

³

,

Cher Heng Tan

⁴

,

Vishal G. Shelat

²