Mobile applications for alcohol dependent persons as tools supporting the recovery process

Introduction
The objective of the study was to assess the potential of publicly available mobile applications created as tools supporting the recovery of alcohol-dependent persons.

Material and methods
Fifteen mobile applications were analysed in domains liketype of included functionalities and their educational content, engagement and aesthetics, scope and privacy concern. Modified versions of Self-Help Model Scale (SHMS) and Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) were used for evaluation.

Results
All applications got a low score on SHMS (1-18 points); the average score was only 4 points (min. = 1, max. = 7.7). Most applications received points on educational and motivational level, only two applications contained functionalities related to development of coping strategies in high risk situations. Results of scoring on MARS subscales (min. 1, max. 5 points) were higher. The functionality of applications was assessed as rather high (average score 4 points), the lowest score was related to the quality of information (average score 2 points). The average score of app features directly related to coping with alcohol use disorder (AUD) was 3 points (min. = 1.2, max. = 4.1). Applications which were scored high on the MARS were also scored relatively highest on SHMS. Researchers were unable to identify any scientific studies conducted in order to assess the efficacy of those applications as tools supporting the persons with AUD in their recovery process.

Conclusions
Mobile applications for persons experiencing alcohol-related problems are focused mainly on self-monitoring. It seems important that other domains like the motivational, educational, and related to crisis intervention and forms of social support are being developed as well. The concern about lack of privacy has been identified as one of major challenges.