eISSN: 2299-0038
ISSN: 1643-8876
Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny
Current issue Archive Manuscripts accepted About the journal Special Issues Editorial board Abstracting and indexing Subscription Contact Instructions for authors Publication charge Ethical standards and procedures
Editorial System
Submit your Manuscript
SCImago Journal & Country Rank


Search
Editorial Policies
Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications

Open access

without publication fees
3/2013
vol. 12
 
Share:
Send email
Share:
abstract:
Review paper

Physiology and pathology of the mammary gland in women in different periods of life (menopausal period and pregnancy)

Andrzej Wróbel
,
Lechosław Putowski
,
Marek Gogacz
,
Andrzej Semczuk
,
Krzysztof Gałczyński
,
Beata Kulik-Rechberger
,
Tomasz Rechberger

Przegląd Menopauzalny 2013; 17 (3): 207–212
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2013.36584
Online publish date: 2013/07/25
View full text Get citation
 
PlumX metrics:
Knowledge of physiology of the mammary gland help us understand pathological processes which can occur in this organ, for example carcinogenesis. The results of epidemiological studies indicate an increased incidence of breast cancer in women receiving sex steroids, but the data concerning this issue are not unequivocal. The results of WHI (Women Health Initiative) and HERS (Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study) studies point out to an elevated risk of neoplasia in the mammary gland among women taking hormone replacement therapy, which evokes a great deal of concern, uncertainty and fear both among doctors and patients. This fear should be replaced by the algorithm of professional medical management and a suitable choice of therapy in relation to a woman’s age, genetic load, history of diseases and expected benefits. Directing a therapeutic option to the patient and supporting it with scientific data on HRT can convince women that the treatment will prevent, to a large extent, fractures, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, colon cancer, stroke and heart attack. The risk of possible breast cancer death is much lower than compared to the affliction caused by estrogen depletion during early menopause. In the following review we present data which deal with physiology of the mammary gland in different periods of the woman’s life, especially menopause. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms that may potentially play a role in neoplasia are discussed.
keywords:

mammary gland, breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy
Termedia
About us Contact
Copyright notice Privacy policy Advertising policy Contact us
Quick links
Journals Books eBooks Events
© 2024 Termedia Sp. z o.o.
Developed by Bentus.