Prevalence and potential risk factors of urticaria in the Polish population of children and adolescents

Introduction
Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell driven disease of great social significance as it may lead to disablement, impair quality of life and affect performance at work and school.

Aim
A study on the prevalence and potential risk factors for acute and chronic urticaria in the population of children and adolescents living in Krakow, one of the major cities in Poland.

Material and methods
In this paper we present a study on the prevalence and potential risk factors of acute and chronic urticaria in the population of children aged 7–8 years old and adolescents aged 16–17 years old living in Krakow, one of the major cities in Poland. The relation of urticaria prevalence and exposure to polluted air was also investigated. In the period of 3 years between 2016 and 2018 we enrolled 17082 participants (9287 children and 7795 adolescents).

Results
Lifetime occurrence of at least one episode of urticaria was reported by 3.3% of respondents (3.6% in the children group and 2.8% in adolescents). The most frequently mentioned causative agent was medicines in children and food in adolescents. Chronic urticaria occurred in 2.1% of children and 1.1% of adolescents. We found no relationship between the volume of traffic and the distance of residence from the high-traffic street to the frequency of urticaria.

Conclusions
A higher incidence of urticaria in the younger age group may suggest an upward trend in the incidence of this disease in the near future. The incidence of chronic urticaria in children turned out to be higher than in the European population. As our research results show, the incidence of urticaria in children and adolescents does not depend on exposure to polluted air.