Radiofrequency ablation of small renal masses in comorbid patients

Introduction
Over the recent years, the progress in imaging techniques has led to increased detection of small renal masses (SRMs), including in elderly and high-risk patients. Partial nephrectomy (nephron-sparing surgery – NSS), the current standard of care in T1a kidney tumours, has some limitations in patients who are poor candidates for surgery, as it is associated with potential perioperative complications and possible renal function loss. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a minimally invasive method that can be performed percutaneously, is an option in such cases.

Aim
To present our experience in treatment of SRMs using RFA in comorbid patients.

Material and methods
In the years 2006–2012, 103 percutaneous, ultrasound-guided RFA procedures were performed in the Oncology Centre in Bydgoszcz in patients with an ASA score ≥ 3. Abdominal computed tomography and tumour biopsy were performed before the procedure. The average follow-up time was 46 months.

Results
The 1, 3 and 5-year overall survival rates were respectively 97%, 90% and 75%, while cancer-specific survival was 100%. No Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications were observed.

Conclusions
Radiofrequency ablation performed percutaneously is a minimally invasive treatment and may be applied in patients who are, due to comorbidities, poor candidates for surgery. In comorbid patients, where other causes of death play an important role, the application of a minimally invasive treatment method with satisfactory oncological effectiveness is justified.