Regression of metabolic syndrome depending on type of bariatric surgery

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is the combination of the most hazardous risk factors for development of arteriosclerosis and type II diabetes mellitus. Central obesity is a particularly well recognized factor in aetiology of MS. It is estimated that about 20% of the population in Poland is affected by MS.
Material and methods: Two hundred and twenty-two patients were treated for obesity in our department between January 2003 and December 2005. 201 of them met the inclusion criteria (BMI ł 40 kg/m²). Postoperative questionnaires were sent to all patients within 12 months after the surgical procedure and 152 (75.62%) responses were received. Metabolic syndrome meeting the criteria of IDF 2005 was diagnosed in 53.3% of cases (n = 81). The main goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of different types of bariatric surgery on metabolic syndrome (regression of MS).
Results: The MS regressed in 70.4% (n = 57, p = 0.008). The comparison of the results in the group with BMI ł 40 < 50 kg/m² and with BMI ł 50 kg/m² showed better results in the group with lower BMI [82% (p = 0.0223), 51.6% (p = 0.0043) respectively]. In both groups the best results were observed after gastric bypass (GB), followed by adjustable silicone gastric banding (ASGB) and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG).
Conclusions: Regression of metabolic syndrome was observed after all types of operations, but gastric bypass was the most effective procedure, especially for super-obese patients. This should be taken into consideration when planning surgical treatment.