Relation of carbohydrate exchange markers with vitamin D status in adolescents with overweight and obesity

Introduction
In the case of obesity and excessive body weight, the deficiency of vitamin D increases, which significantly impairs metabolic processes in the body, especially fatty and carbohydrate metabolism. Vitamin D metabolites affect insulin sensitivity of cells.

The aim of the study
was to determine the relationship between vitamin D and carbohydrate metabolism in adolescents with excessive body weight and obesi-ty.

Material and methods
139 adolescents were examined. The mean age of children was 15.5 ±2.3 years. 65 adolescents with excessive weight and 74 obesity teenagers were examined. Parameters that were determined in all children included: undertaking anthropometric measurements, general examinations, biochemical parameters, including carbohydrate metabolism: fasting glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerant test, measuring the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, blood pressure measurement and determination of vitamin D status.

Results
The features of changes carbohydrate metabolism markers in adolescents with overweight and obesity, depending on the level of serum 25(OH)D, have been established. Correlations between vitamin D status and markers of carbohydrate metabolism such as basal insulin level (p = 0.000) and HOMA-IR index (p = 0.000) and anthropometric indices: body mass index (p = 0.000), waist circumference (p = 0.000) and hip circumference (p = 0.001), waist-hip ratio (p = 0.000), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.000) have been determined.

Conclusions
The study has established prognostically significant biochemical (basal insulin), and anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumfer-ence, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio) markers resulting in vitamin D deficiency development in children with excessive body weight and obesity.