Relationship between maternal factors and preterm infant birth: a case-control study

Background
The newborn mortality rate is one of the most significant health indicators in a country. According to global data, preterm births account for 60 to 80% of all new-born fatalities caused by congenital abnormalities. Despite extensive study in developed countries, there is virtually little information on the reasons for preterm births in studies in Iran and other regions of the world.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between some maternal factors and preterm birth.

Material and methods
This case-control study was performed on 108 mothers who had preterm births (case group) and 108 mothers who had full term births (control group). A trained midwife, through interviews, collected maternal and neonatal data from the mother and their medical records.

Results
A strong relationship was reported between preterm birth and history of abortion (8.54 times), history of curettage (6.2 times), gestational diabetes (6.44 times), gestational hypertension (4.92 times), multiple gestation (5.5 times) and unwanted pregnancy (4.41 times), and an inadequate amount of prenatal care (4.81 times) was reported only in the case group.

Conclusions
Based on the results, it is important to identify risk factors for preterm delivery in mothers and educate pregnant women during pregnancy. Regular and timely prenatal care helps identify mothers in high-risk groups.