Retrospective evaluation of patients with selective IgA deficiency

Introduction:
Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency and is often associated with recurrent infections and various allergic conditions.

Aim:
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between immunodeficiency and respiratory and allergic diseases in children diagnosed with SIgAD.

Material and methods:
The study included 63 pediatric patients aged 4–18 years who were diagnosed with SIgAD at a pediatric allergy and immunology outpatient clinic between 2021 and 2024. Patients were evaluated based on clinical and laboratory tests, including specific IgE measurements for allergens and skin prick tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software, and statistical significance was determined with a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results:
Among the 63 patients, 49.2% were female, and 50.8% were male. The study found that 71.4% of patients had a history of frequent illness, indicating a susceptibility to infections. Additionally, 57.1% of patients had comorbid conditions, including asthma (7.9%), allergic rhinitis (12.7%), and atopic dermatitis (7.9%). Aeroallergen sensitization was present in 30.2% of the children. The study also found significantly higher levels of IgM, IgG, and IgE in children with allergies.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that children with SIgAD have a high prevalence of recurrent infections and allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Elevated IgE levels in these patients may be an important marker for the diagnosis and management of atopic diseases. Regular monitoring and early recognition of allergy symptoms in SIgAD patients are crucial to improving their quality of life.