Review of maxillary molar distalising appliances with palatal anchorage on miniimplants

Maxillary molar distalisation is one of treatment methods

for patients with Angle class II. Intraoral appliances supported

by patient’s own teeth inevitably lead to loss of anchorage.

Mini-implants are additionally used to reduce this side effect.

The area of the hard palate is the best anatomical place to

attach mini-implants, and it provides the lowest risk of

complications. Aim. To present issues associated with

appliances used for maxillary molar distalisation that are

based on bone anchorage in the hard palate region. Material

and methods. The literature review using the PubMed

database and the Polish Medical Bibliography with the

following key words: molar distalisation, orthodontic miniimplants,

skeletal anchorage. 37 positions from the years

1996–2018 were selected and analysed. Results. As a result

of the literature review, 37 articles describing nine

distalisation appliances modelled on three basic constructions: Pendulum, Distal Jet and Keles Slider, and the MCPP appliance

were identified. Summary. Distalising appliances supported

by palatal mini-implants do not lead to loss of anchorage in

the anterior segment. At the stage of anterior teeth retraction

they can be used for stabilisation of the distalised segment.

They are less visible compared to extraoral appliances or

those placed on the external side of the dental arch. They

can be used simultaneously with fixed braces or during

preparation for subsequent therapy with fixed braces.

Depending on the design, they are not free of the side effects

typical of the prototypes they originate from, i.e. rotation

and inclination of molars. The most parallel distal movement

of teeth is made possible by appliances whose force acts at

the height of the CR (centre of resistance) of teeth being

moved. (Sanecka M, Becker K, Greń A, Świerk M. Review

of maxillary molar distalising appliances with palatal

anchorage on mini-implants. Orthod Forum 2018; 14:

296-308).