Sensory integration, balance deficits, and scoliotic posture in boys

Introduction
Proper development of posture is based on the integrative function of the brain and the body’s ability to adapt to the changing conditions of the external environment. Disturbances in the processing of sensorimotor integration processes prevent the correct course of development of body posture. The processes of sensorimotor integration lead to the formation of appropriate postural tension, organization of alternating innervation, and the generation of correct postural and movement patterns. Scoliotic posture means the tendency of the spine axis to deviate from a straight line, which is associated with incorrect body posture. The postural system is based on the functioning of 3 senses: the balance system, vision, and proprioception.

Aim of the research
To assess the relationship between sensory integration and balance deficits as well as scoliotic posture in boys.

Material and methods
The study comprised 65 ten-year-old boys. Body posture was assessed using the Diers Formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. The Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (CTSIB), carried out on the Biodex Balance System platform, was used to analyse deficits in sensory integration and balance.

Results and conclusions
There was a significant correlation between the deficits of sensory integration and balance, as well as the angle of curvature of the spine, pelvic obliquity, and the direction of spine curvature. With increasing angle of curvature of the spine and pelvic obliquity, deficits in sensory integration and balance also worsened. Sensory integration and balance deficits significantly influence the formation of a scoliotic attitude.