Symptoms of postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy

Introduction
Results of previous research have shown that there is a relationship between the various aspects of breastfeeding and depressive symptoms among new mothers. While breastfeeding appears to have a beneficial effect on the infant and a close mother-child relationship, in some cases breastfeeding is a difficult challenge of motherhood. Many studies have pointed out that breastfeeding self-efficacy plays an important role in the prevalence of postpartum depression.

Aim of the study
To determine whether there are differences in the severity of symptoms of postpartum depression and in the symptomatic characteristics, depending on the level of self-efficacy in breast-feeding women.

Material and methods
The sample consisted of 144 breastfeeding mothers aged 19 to 39 years. Participants were recruited at gynaecology clinics and pregnancy classes, as well as via web pages for birth and pregnancy. Women voluntarily completed a set of self-report questionnaires consisting of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), and a demographic survey.

Results
Nearly 1/5 of participants experienced high severity of depressive symptoms. Among the most common difficulties were emotional lability and mental confusion (21.5% and 15.3% of respondents, respectively). The breastfeeding self-efficacy correlated negatively with the severity of depressive symptoms. The most severe symptoms of postpartum depression occurred in women with a low breastfeeding self-efficacy. The strongest predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy among depressive symptoms include mental confusion and sense of guilt and shame.

Conclusions
Symptoms of postpartum depression may adversely affect breastfeeding self-efficacy and therefore lead to short duration of breastfeeding. It is important to monitor factors that increase the risk of early weaning, with the special consideration of breastfeeding self-efficacy.