The Polish adaptation and validation of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)

Introduction
Recently, nomophobia has become a growing problem especially among young people. This term is a neologism derived from the combination of the English terms “No Mobile Phone” and “Phobia”.

Material and methods
The Polish translation of the Caglar Yildirim and Ana-Paula Correia’s Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was written according to the principle of linguistic equivalence. The study was conducted on a sample of 862 people (66.2% of women) 19-45 years of age, who were students of several universities. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to confirm questionnaire construct validity. Reliability was assessed applying discrimination power, Cronbach’s α and time stability. The criterion validity was the result of a correlation NMP-Q with the Mobile Phone Addiction Assessment Questionnaire (KBUTK) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results
CFA showed a good match to the data and confirmed the four-factor structure of the questionnaire. The questionnaire received a high reliability factor. In accordance with the hypotheses, nomophobia shows a statistically significant positive correlation with KBUTK and STAI. The structure of the Polish version of the NMP-Q corresponds to that of the original and measures four dimensions: 1) Not being able to communicate, 2) Losing connectedness, 3) Not being able to access information and 4) Giving up convenience.

Conclusions
An adaptation study showed that the Polish version of the NMP-Q has good psychometric properties and can be used both in scientific research and in psychological and therapeutic practice.