The advances in diagnostic modalities of disorders of the long head of the biceps tendon – review

Maciej Gagat; Agnieszka Zabrzyńska; Maria Zabrzyńska; Wioletta Zielińska

doi:10.5114/ms.2021.105006

eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874

Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne

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abstract:

Review paper

The advances in diagnostic modalities of disorders of the long head of the biceps tendon – review

Maciej Gagat

¹

,

Agnieszka Zabrzyńska

²

,

Maria Zabrzyńska

³

,

Wioletta Zielińska

¹

Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Department of Radiology, Multidisciplinary Hospital, Inowroclaw, Poland
Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland

Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 2021; 37 (1): 83–90

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2021.105006

Online publish date: 2021/03/31

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The broad spectrum of disorders of the long head of the biceps (LHBT) can be divided into 3 main categories: inflammatory reactions, degenerative conditions, and instability. More than 90% of patients with LHB tendinopathy have an additional shoulder pathology. Thus, a detailed radiological and histopathological evaluation is crucial for a complete and accurate diagnosis. The pathology of the LHBT starts from its ultrastructure with the alterations of both tenocytes and extracellular matrix. Furthermore, this is reflected in the light microscopy investigation, with marginal inflammatory response. The ultrasonography is useful in the detection of LHBT instability, hypoechogenic areas, increased tendon diameter, and dynamic examination of the tendon. A standard non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder is a useful tool in the diagnostics of advance tendinopathy; however, it is essentially limited in the detection of partial tears. Based on current knowledge, ultrasound and MRI diagnostics modalities should be simultaneously used in the examination of LHBT disorders.

keywords:

The advances in diagnostic modalities of disorders of the long head of the biceps tendon – review

Maciej Gagat 1 , Agnieszka Zabrzyńska 2 , Maria Zabrzyńska 3 , Wioletta Zielińska 1

tendon, tendinopathy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, long head of the biceps tendon

Maciej Gagat

¹

,

Agnieszka Zabrzyńska

²

,

Maria Zabrzyńska

³

,

Wioletta Zielińska

¹