The relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and cognitive function and depression in postmenopausal women

Introduction
therosclerosis, cognitive impairment, and depression are common entities in postmenopausal patients. Our aim was to ascertain the relationship between the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and cognitive function and depression in postmenopausal women.

Material and methods
This was an observational, cross-sectional, comparative study among postmenopausal women. A carotid artery ultrasound was performed, and the IMT was measured. Mental function was assessed with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and the presence of depression with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). For statistical analysis the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and odds ratio (OR) were calculated.

Results
Seventy-five patients were studied. The median of age was 52 years (31–76), and the IMT was 1.1 mm (0.6–0.20). The HDRS score was 8.9 (1–21), and that of the MMSE was 29 (18–30). After dividing the group according to the presence or absence of depression, it was found that age and IMT were greater in the group with depression, and the MMSE score was greater in the group without depression. After dividing according to the MMSE score, age and HDRS score were significantly greater in the group with cognitive impairment. The intima-media thickness had an OR of 12.2 (2.6–58.0) for cognitive impairment and an OR of 5.2 (1.9–14.1) for depression.

Conclusions
The intima-media thickness is associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment and depression.