The relationship between lipid parameters and the course of allergic rhinitis in children

Introduction:
A possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is hypercholesterolemia, which may shift the balance between Th1- and Th2-dependent immune responses towards the latter.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence of lipid metabolism abnormalities in children with AR and their influence on the clinical course of AR.

Material and methods:
The study sample comprised 80 children (7–17 y.o.) with AR, including 28 with associated asthma, and 40 healthy children. Total blood cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride levels were evaluated (ARCHITECTcSystem). Skin prick tests (Allergopharma) for airborne allergens and a methacholine challenge test (Lungtest 1000, Ispa) were performed. Allergen-specific IgE for airborne allergens (Biocheck GmbH), FeNO and nNO concentrations (HypAir FeNO Medisoft) were measured.

Results:
Children with AR were significantly more likely to have normal HDL levels than the control group (n = 70; 87.5% vs. n = 27; 67.50%; p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed between these two groups regarding total cholesterol, LDL or triglyceride levels (p > 0.05). Abnormally high total cholesterol levels were associated with a higher risk of sensitisation to D. pteronyssinus (n = 18; 72%, p = 0.023). Children with normal levels of total cholesterol and normal triglyceride values were less likely to be sensitized to dog dander (n = 43; 78.18%, p = 0.049) (n = 42; 72.41%, p = 0.042). No significant correlations were observed between lipid parameters and the clinical course of AR, FeNO concentrations, nNO concentrations and bronchial hyperreactivity in children with AR (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Children with AR are as likely to demonstrate dyslipidaemia as the general population. However, the presence of lipid abnormalities in this group may increase the likelihood of sensitization to perennial allergens.