Variation in gastric alcohol dehydrogenase and the risk of alcohol dependence

Paulina Całka; Marzanna Ciesielka; Grzegorz Buszewicz; Grzegorz Teresiński

doi:10.5114/amsik.2016.66401

eISSN: 1689-1716
ISSN: 0324-8267

Archiwum Medycyny Sądowej i Kryminologii/Archives of Forensic Medicine and Criminology

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3/2016
vol. 66

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abstract:

Review paper

Variation in gastric alcohol dehydrogenase and the risk of alcohol dependence

Paulina Całka

^{1, 2}

,

Marzanna Ciesielka

¹

,

Grzegorz Buszewicz

¹

,

Grzegorz Teresiński

¹

Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University in Lublin
Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine

Arch Med Sąd Kryminol 2016; 66 (3): 172-181

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/amsik.2016.66401

Online publish date: 2017/03/15

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Alcohol dependence is both a medical and socioeconomic problem. The disease is multifactorial, i.e. its development is attributable to gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Multi-centre studies investigating the genetic background of alcoholism stress the role of genes encoding enzymes of the ethanol decomposition pathway in the human body, particularly alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), in the development of alcohol dependence. Among five classes of alcohol dehydrogenases, class I and IV isoenzymes have been found to be associated with alcohol dependence. Class IV is of particular interest due to its occurrence in the upper gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the stomach. No activity of the enzyme has been demonstrated in the liver. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the gene encoding ADH class IV (ADH7) affects its ethanol-oxidizing activity in the gastric lumen, thereby influencing the first-pass metabolism (FPM) of the substance. The findings published by various research centres have demonstrated that specific SNP changes in the ADH7 gene are of different significance for the risk of alcohol dependence according to the population studied.

keywords:

Variation in gastric alcohol dehydrogenase and the risk of alcohol dependence

Paulina Całka 1, 2 , Marzanna Ciesielka 1 , Grzegorz Buszewicz 1 , Grzegorz Teresiński 1

ADH7, alcoholism, first-pass metabolism

Paulina Całka

^{1, 2}

,

Marzanna Ciesielka

¹

,

Grzegorz Buszewicz

¹

,

Grzegorz Teresiński

¹