eISSN: 2299-0038
ISSN: 1643-8876
Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny
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3/2020
vol. 19
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Vulvar leukoplakia: therapeutic options

Angel Yordanov
1
,
Latchezar Tantchev
2
,
Stoyan Kostov
3
,
Stanislav Slavchev
3
,
Strahil Strashilov
4
,
Polina Vasileva
5

  1. Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Medical University of Pleven, Bulgaria
  2. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Acibadem City Clinic Hospital “Tokuda”, Sofia, Bulgaria
  3. Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria
  4. Department of Plastic Restorative, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Pleven, Bulgaria
  5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
Menopause Rev 2020; 19(3): 135-139
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2020.99570
Online publish date: 2020/10/02
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Vulvar leukoplakia is not a histological diagnosis and involves several diseases. Most commonly, these are vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell hyperplasia of the vulva. These two conditions have similar aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment but different histopathological changes. They both lead to significant impairment of quality of life, risk of malignancy, as well as recurrence after treatment.

Treatment of these conditions includes topical corticosteroids as a first-line therapy, but they have their side effects and not all patients are receptive to this therapy. This requires the use of alternative therapeutic options such as topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical and systemic retinoids, other steroid creams, various destructive techniques and, as a last resort, surgical removal of affected tissues. Surgical treatment should be avoided, despite the malignant potential, because of recurrence risk in both diseases

New therapeutic approaches are coming into effect in gynaecological practice due to potential risks of the above-mentioned methods. Platelet-rich plasma therapy, ablative and non-ablative laser treatment, and new topical medicines, are some of the new options applied to improve the efficacy of treatment avoiding the side effects of conventional medications. A number of them are still in their initial phase of application and time will tell their effectiveness.
keywords:

vulvar leukoplakia, vulvar lichen sclerosus, squamous cell hyperplasia of the vulva, treatment
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