Which is the best choice for Helicobacter pylori eradication? Dual therapy or quadruple therapy?

Introduction
Standard triple therapy used to be the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, but today it is a treatment regimen with a low eradication rate due to increasing resistance to the antibiotics included in the triple therapy.

Aim
To compare the eradication rates of dual treatment regimens and quadruple treatment regimens.

Material and methods
Patients over 18 years of age, who were indicated to undergo upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) endoscopy for any reason, had their upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed, were detected to have Hp as a result of the histopathological evaluation of the biopsy material, and in whom eradication control was also performed by histopathological evaluation, were included in the study. These patients were divided into 4 groups, each containing 50 people.

Results
Considering the eradication rates of Hp-positive patients according to different treatment options, 78% (n = 39) of the patients in Group 1 were eradicated after the treatment while 66% (n = 33) of the patients in Group 3, 58% of the patients in Group 2 (n = 29), and 58% (n = 29) of the patients in Group 4 had Hp negative results after treatment. When high-dose dual treatments were compared, the highest eradication rate was obtained with rabeprazole, but no statistically significant difference was detected (p = 0.11).

Conclusions
This is the first study to include dual therapies consisting of 3 different PPIs at the same time. The low eradication rates obtained in our study suggest that the determination of individualized treatment strategies in which CYP2C19 polymorphism is detected may result in higher eradication rates.