Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus in a young Ukrainian child

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with the manifestation possible in any period of life. The incidence of diabetes is rising around the world, and studies show that children are at an increasing risk of developing the disease. Type 1 diabetes accounts for over 90% of childhood and adolescent diabetes, although less than 10% of children suffer from type 2 diabetes. Over the last few decades, inherited monogenic forms of DM were discovered and studied. An extremely rare form of diabetes (less than 1-2% of all diabetes in young people), with neonatal diabetes as a subset, and is usually suspected if a child is diagnosed with diabetes at less than 6 months of age. We present the first case reported in Ukraine of a child diagnosed with permanent neonatal diabetes resulting from a EIF2AK3 gene missense mutation of exon 15 (WolcottRallison Syndrome). Despite low incidence of the permanent neonatal diabetes, this diagnosis should be considered in infants with persistent hyperglycaemia requiring insulin therapy.