Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children with type 1 diabetes in 2000–2010 in Podlasie Province

Introduction. There has been an increase over the last decade in the number of young patients with type 1 diabetes treated with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The accelerated development of atherosclerosis is closely linked to metabolic control and traditional risk factors. Aim. Analysis of changes in the treatment and clinical picture of type 1 diabetes in children over the years 2000–2010, with emphasis on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods. The study included 567 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. 251 children who were treated in 2000 were compared with 316 children treated in 2010. The study analyzed anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests and data obtained using questionnaires. Results. In 2010, there was an increase in the percentage of children treated with CSU (up to 60.1%) and a decrease in the percentage of children using traditional insulin In favour of insulin analogues. An increase in HbA1c was observed from 7.4% to 8% (p < 0.001) and an increase in the percentage of patients with HbA1c>7.5%. There was an increase in the percentage of children with obesity from 5.2% to 13.7% (p =0.004) and an increase in BMI SDS. The number of children with hypertension was comparable in both groups (17.9% vs 15.8%), as was the percentage of children with dyslipidemią (48.6% ys 513%). Antihypertensive drugs were used in 97.8% vs. 70% of children with hypertension, metformin in 15.4% vs. 14% of children with obesity, and lipid-lowering drugs only in 3.3% vs; 2.5% of patients with dyslipidemia. It has been shown that nowadays children live in families burdened with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Conclusions. Contemporary patients frequently have excessive body weight and live in families burdened with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Despite the use of modern technology, metabolic control is not satisfactory.