Allergen immunotherapy in patients with autoimmune diseases: current of guidelines and emerging controversies

Dominika Ochab-Krupnik; Adam Latos; Piotr Łacwik; Maciej Kupczyk; Cezary Pałczyński

doi:10.5114/pja.2024.145211

eISSN: 2391-6052
ISSN: 2353-3854

Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology

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1/2025
vol. 12

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abstract:

Review paper

Allergen immunotherapy in patients with autoimmune diseases: current of guidelines and emerging controversies

Dominika Ochab-Krupnik

^{1, 2}

,

Adam Latos

³

,

Piotr Łacwik

^{1, 2}

,

Maciej Kupczyk

⁴

,

Cezary Pałczyński

^{1, 2}

Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Clinical Division of Lung Diseases and Allergology, Holy Cross Centre for Lung Disease, Chęciny, Poland
ESCULAP Medical and Dental Clinic, Puławy, Poland
Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

Alergologia Polska – Polish Journal of Allergology 2025; 12, 1: 47–53

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2024.145211

Online publish date: 2024/11/21

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This review explores the use of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases, focusing on ongoing controversies and gaps in existing clinical guidelines. The aim is to unravel the complex interplay between allergic and autoimmune diseases and evaluate the safety of AIT in this specific patient population. The analysis includes historical case reports and recent observational studies, emphasizing instances where AIT was linked to exacerbations of autoimmune diseases. Notably, many of these cases involved older, less refined allergen extracts, raising questions about their applicability to modern practice. An evaluation of international guidelines reveals inconsistencies and reliance on outdated evidence. The findings highlight an urgent need for rigorous, large-scale research to establish clear, evidence-based recommendations for the safe implementation of AIT in patients with autoimmune conditions. This review emphasizes the importance of updating clinical guidelines to reflect contemporary evidence, ensuring the safe and effective application of AIT in this patient group.

keywords:

Allergen immunotherapy in patients with autoimmune diseases: current of guidelines and emerging controversies

Dominika Ochab-Krupnik 1, 2 , Adam Latos 3 , Piotr Łacwik 1, 2 , Maciej Kupczyk 4 , Cezary Pałczyński 1, 2

allergen immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases, immunotherapy contraindications

Dominika Ochab-Krupnik

^{1, 2}

,

Adam Latos

³

,

Piotr Łacwik

^{1, 2}

,

Maciej Kupczyk

⁴

,

Cezary Pałczyński

^{1, 2}