eISSN: 1644-4124
ISSN: 1426-3912
Central European Journal of Immunology
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1/2024
vol. 49
 
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abstract:
Review paper

An updated review of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer: PD-L1 footprint

Juan Yao
1
,
Xiaoyan Tan
2
,
Yanping Sha
1
,
Yurao Chen
1
,
Ronghuai Chen
1
,
Dongping Shi
3

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City (Huai’a Cancer Hospital), Huaian, Jiangsu 223200, P.R. of China
  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City (Huai’an Cancer Hospital), Huaian, Jiangsu 223200, P.R. of China
  3. Department of Infection, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City (Huai’a Cancer Hospital), Huaian, Jiangsu 223200, P.R. of China
Cent Eur J Immunol 2024; 49 (1): 77-90
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2024.139269
Online publish date: 2024/05/09
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Esophageal cancer is considered one of the most significant challenges to public health worldwide. While various therapeutic options exist for esophageal cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, several adverse effects of these medications have been reported. Therefore, a new generation of therapeutic lines should be applied to minimize complications. In this regard, immunotherapy is a novel approach that aims to kill tumor cells directly by targeting them. Specifically, monoclonal antibodies can target specific markers of esophageal cancer tumor cells, keeping other normal cells safe. Multiple monoclonal antibodies optimized for esophageal cancer, such as pembrolizumab, ramucirumab, trastuzumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab, are available. On the other hand, esophageal cancer tumor cells express a specific inhibitory ligand and its receptor called programmed cell death, which can suppress T cell immune responses. This receptor provides an inhibitory signal, causing the highest expression of the PD-L1 ligand on tumor cells. The outcomes of this interaction lead to the suppression of the activation and function of T lymphocytes. Therefore, immunotherapy for esophageal cancer targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has shown a remarkable correlation with cancer care. This study presents a comprehensive review of the latest findings related to immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.
keywords:

esophageal cancer, monoclonal antibody, immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1, chemotherapy
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