CHARACTERISTICS AND OCCURRENCE OF CORONAVIRUSES IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS

Coronaviruses occurring in humans and animals are a diverse group of pathogens, characterized by high variability and tropism. The most serious animal diseases caused by coronaviruses include equine coronavirus disease (E-CoV), canine coronavirus disease (C-CoV), rabbit enteric coronavirus disease (Rb-CoV), infectious bronchitis in poultry (IB-CoV), epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets, in pigs: transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus disease (TGE), human enteric coronavirus disease (HE-CoV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), in cattle (Bo-CoV): neonatal calf diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, winter dysentery in cattle, in cats: feline enteric coronavirus disease (FE-CoV) and feline infectious peritonitis (FIP-CoV). To date, three major epidemics causing severe respiratory diseases in humans (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) have been reported. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rate, coronavirus-induced diseases in animals result in serious economic losses. The current human COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the need for action to modernize and improve diagnostics in this area, but also to develop innovative immunoprophylactic and therapeutic methods.