Cardiovascular risk in patients with alopecia areata:
a cross-sectional study

Anna Waśkiel-Burnat; Wioleta Dorobek; Maja Kotowska; Michela Starace; Bianca Maria Piraccini; Małgorzata Olszewska; Lidia Rudnicka

doi:10.5114/dr.2023.128016

eISSN: 2084-9893
ISSN: 0033-2526

Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny

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2/2023
vol. 110

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abstract:

Original article

Cardiovascular risk in patients with alopecia areata: a cross-sectional study

Anna Waśkiel-Burnat

^{1, 2}

,

Wioleta Dorobek

¹

,

Maja Kotowska

¹

,

Michela Starace

^{2, 3}

,

Bianca Maria Piraccini

^{2, 3}

,

Małgorzata Olszewska

¹

,

Lidia Rudnicka

¹

Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Katedra i Klinika Dermatologiczna, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy; Katedra Medycyny Eksperymentalnej, Diagnostycznej i Specjalistycznej, Alma Mater Studiorum Uniwersytet Boloński, Włochy
Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy; Oddział Dermatologii, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Włochy

Dermatol Rev/Przegl Dermatol 2023, 110, 133–141

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2023.128016

Online publish date: 2023/07/20

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Introduction:
Numerous studies indicate that alopecia areata is associated with systemic inflammation with an increased serum level of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have indicated a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with alopecia areata.

Objective:
To evaluate the cardiovascular risk calculated with various scoring systems in patients with alopecia areata compared to the controls.

Material and methods:
In the present study, the cardiovascular risk was evaluated in 91 patients with alopecia areata and 47 controls with the use of QRESEARCH risk estimator version 3 (QRISK-3), Framingham Risk score – Coronary heart disease (FRS-CHD), Framingham Risk Score – Cardiovascular disease (FRS-CVD), Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Estimator Plus and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk charts.

Results:
An increased median QRISK-3 was observed in patients with alopecia areata compared to controls (1.2 [0.5–5.5] vs. 0.9 [0.2–3.2]; p < 0.05). Moreover, higher median FRS-CHD, FRS-CVD, ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus scores were detected in patients with alopecia areata compared to control subjects (4.5 (2.4–9) vs. 3.35 (1.5–6.7); 0.85 (0.1–2.4) vs. 0.45 (0.1–1) and 2.5 (0.7–8.2) vs. 1.9 (0.8–4.3), respectively). However, those differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In patients with alopecia areata, a positive correlation was observed between QRISK-3 and the age of the patient, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.

Conclusions:
Alopecia areata is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Regular cardiovascular screening should be recommended to every patient with alopecia areata.

keywords:

Cardiovascular risk in patients with alopecia areata: a cross-sectional study

Anna Waśkiel-Burnat 1, 2 , Wioleta Dorobek 1 , Maja Kotowska 1 , Michela Starace 2, 3 , Bianca Maria Piraccini 2, 3 , Małgorzata Olszewska 1 , Lidia Rudnicka 1

autoimmune disease, hair loss, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke

Anna Waśkiel-Burnat

^{1, 2}

,

Wioleta Dorobek

¹

,

Maja Kotowska

¹

,

Michela Starace

^{2, 3}

,

Bianca Maria Piraccini

^{2, 3}

,

Małgorzata Olszewska

¹

,

Lidia Rudnicka

¹