Chronic graft-versus-host disease – the role of dermatological treatment

Introduction. The number of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantations is increasing year by year. The most common long-term complication is chronic graft-versus-host disease, with skin involvement noted in over 90% of cases.

Objective. To present and discuss skin lesions occurring in chronic graft-versus-host disease with a particular focus on available dermatological treatment modalities.

Case report. A 45-year-old male patient, who received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantations in December 2012, presented for the treatment of skin lesions secondary to chronic graft-versus-host disease. Clinical examination revealed hyperpigmented lichenoid eruption on the trunk; irregular patches of non-scarring alopecia; poikiloderma on the face and upper limbs; and sclerodermatous lesions on the hands with diffuse epidermal exfoliation on the palms and soles. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Treatment consisting of phototherapy and intensive topical treatment was introduced.

Conclusions. Skin lesions secondary to chronic graft-versus-host disease may impair the daily functioning of post-transplant patients. Comprehensive therapeutic management should be based on the cooperation between haematologists and dermatologists.