eISSN: 1897-4317
ISSN: 1895-5770
Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny
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abstract:
Review paper

Colorectal cancer and microbiota: systematic review

Nauryzbay Imanbayev
1
,
Yerbolat Iztleuov
2
,
Yerbol Bekmukhambetov
3
,
Ibrahim A. Abdelazim
4
,
Ainur Donayeva
5
,
Ainur Amanzholkyzy
5
,
Zhumasheva Aigul
6
,
Imanbayeva Aigerim
1
,
Yergaliyev Aslan
7

  1. Department of Oncology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
  2. Department of Radiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
  3. Association of Individual Entrepreneurs and Legal Entities, National Chamber of Health, Astana, Kazakhstan
  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  5. Department of Normal Physiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
  6. Department of Pathomorphology, Medical Centre of West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
  7. Department of General Surgery, Medical Centre of West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Gastroenterology Rev
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2024.136228
Online publish date: 2024/03/11
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Introduction
The gut microbiome maintains the mucus membrane barrier’s integrity, and it is modulated by the host’s immune system.

Aim
To detect the effect of microbiota modulation using probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and natural changes on colorectal cancers (CRCs).

Material and methods
A PubMed search was conducted to retrieve the original and in vivo articles published in English language from 2010 until 2021 containing the following keywords: 1) CRCs, 2) CRCs treatment (i.e. surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy), and 3) microbiota probiotic(s), prebiotic(s), symbiotic(s), dysbiosis and/or nutritional treatment. A total of 198 PubMed records/articles were initially identified. 108 articles were excluded at the initial screening, and another 29 articles were excluded after reviewing the abstracts, and finally 61 studies were analysed for this systematic review.

Results
The gut microbiota metabolites and (SCFAs) short-chain fatty acids (i.e. acetate and butyrate) have a protective effect against CRCs. SCFAs reduce the inflammatory cytokines, inhibit colonocyte proliferation, and promote malignant cell apoptosis. Butyrate maintains the integrity of the mucus membrane barrier and reduces intestinal mucosal inflammation. Reduced butyric acid level and increased inflammatory cytokines were observed after reduced Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus species in the colon. Akkermansia muciniphila bacterium decreased in patients with CRCs.

Conclusions
Prebiotics (i.e. inulin and resistant starch, SCFAs producers) and consumption of unprocessed plant products are useful for developing and maintaining healthy gut microbiota. The pro-, pre- and/or symbiotics may be useful when carefully selected for CRC patients, to restore beneficial gut microbiota and support treatment efficacy.

keywords:

colorectal cancer, microbiota, review
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