Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia

Ana Sousa; Marie Chambion-Diaz; Vincent Pialoux; Romain Carin; João Luís Viana; Jaime Milheiro; Víctor Machado Reis; Grégoire Millet

doi:10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851

eISSN: 2083-1862
ISSN: 0860-021X

Biology of Sport

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abstract:

Original paper

Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed in normobaric hypoxia

Ana Sousa

¹

,

Marie Chambion-Diaz

²

,

Vincent Pialoux

^{2, 3}

,

Romain Carin

²

,

João Luís Viana

¹

,

Jaime Milheiro

⁴

,

Víctor Machado Reis

⁵

,

Grégoire Millet

⁶

Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development – CIDESD, University of Maia, UMaia, Maia, Portugal
Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
CMEP, Exercise Medical Center Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
Research Center for Sports, Exercise and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Biol Sport. 2025;42(1):243–251

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851

Online publish date: 2024/11/18

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AMA

Sousa A, Chambion-Diaz M, Pialoux V, et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia. Biology of Sport. 2025;42(1):243-251. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851.

APA

Sousa, A., Chambion-Diaz, M., Pialoux, V., Carin, R., Viana, J.,  & Milheiro, J. et al. (2025). Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia. Biology of Sport, 42(1), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851

Chicago

Sousa, Ana, Marie Chambion-Diaz, Vincent Pialoux, Romain Carin, João Luís Viana, Jaime Milheiro,  and Víctor Machado Reis et al. 2025. "Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia". Biology of Sport 42 (1): 243-251. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851.

Harvard

Sousa, A., Chambion-Diaz, M., Pialoux, V., Carin, R., Viana, J., Milheiro, J., Reis, V.,  and Millet, G. (2025). Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia. Biology of Sport, 42(1), pp.243-251. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851

MLA

Sousa, Ana et al. "Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia." Biology of Sport, vol. 42, no. 1, 2025, pp. 243-251. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851.

Vancouver

Sousa A, Chambion-Diaz M, Pialoux V, Carin R, Viana J, Milheiro J et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates 
the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed 
in normobaric hypoxia. Biology of Sport. 2025;42(1):243-251. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2025.139851.

PlumX metrics:

Oxidative stress is augmented under hypoxic environments, which may be attenuated with antioxidant supplementation. We investigated the effects of dietary nitrate (NO₃−) supplementation combined with high-intensity training performed under hypoxic conditions on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. Thirty trained participants were assigned to one of three groups – HNO: hypoxia (13% F_iO₂) + NO₃−; HPL: hypoxia + placebo; CON: normoxia (20.9% Fi O2) + placebo – while performing 12 cycling high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions during a 4-week period (3 sessions/week). Before and after the intervention, venous blood samples were collected and a time to exhaustion test (T_lim) was performed (with vastus lateralis changes in local O₂ saturation: SmO₂ monitoring). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity increased in CON (p = 0.017, ~20%) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) did not change in any group. Malondialdehydes (MDA) increased in both HNO (p = 0.001, ~60%) and CON (p = 0.023, ~30%) but not in HPL. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), uric acid, and myeloperoxidase activity were not modified by the protocol. Only the CON group recovered faster after the T_lim test (SmO_2recovery: p = 0.0003, ~58%). Hypoxic exposure during high-intensity training blunted the increase in GPX and MDA after the intervention period. However, the effects of NO₃− supplementation seem to very slightly mitigate the detrimental effect of performing high-intensity training under hypoxic conditions.

keywords:

Dietary nitrate supplementation very slightly mitigates the oxidative stress induced by high-intensity training performed in normobaric hypoxia

Ana Sousa 1 , Marie Chambion-Diaz 2 , Vincent Pialoux 2, 3 , Romain Carin 2 , João Luís Viana 1 , Jaime Milheiro 4 , Víctor Machado Reis 5 , Grégoire Millet 6

Nitrate, Hypoxia, Oxidative stress, HIIT, Supplementation

Ana Sousa

¹

,

Marie Chambion-Diaz

²

,

Vincent Pialoux

^{2, 3}

,

Romain Carin

²

,

João Luís Viana

¹

,

Jaime Milheiro

⁴

,

Víctor Machado Reis

⁵

,

Grégoire Millet

⁶